The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Global metal flows in the renewable energy transition: Exploring the effects of substitutes, technological mix and development
Open accessAbstract
This study analysed demand for 12 metals in global climate mitigation scenarios up to 2060 and quantified the impacts on demand of different assumptions on improvements and technological mix. Annual and cumulative demands were compared with reserves and current mining rates. The study results showed that reserves are sufficient to support the total level of solar power, wind power and electric motors. Insufficient reserves may very well constrain certain sub-technologies, but substitutes that take the role of ‘back-stop’ technologies can be used instead. The exception is batteries, since lithium battery chemistries and reserves were incompatible with the scenarios analysed. Batteries of moderate size, lithium-free chemistry or reserve expansion would make the transition feasible. Choice of sub-technology (e.g. type of solar PV) had a decisive impact on demand for certain metals. Perceptions that many metals are critical and scarce for renewable energy transitions appear exaggerated if a dynamic view on technological development is adopted. Policy-relevant conclusions can be drawn from this, regarding e.g. the benefits of technological diversity, increasing metal intensity, recycling and integrating infrastructure and energy policies (e.g. fast chargers).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The emergence of perovskite solar cells
Green, M. A., Ho-Baillie, A., & Snaith, H. J. (2014) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.134 · Cited by 7,432
Thring, M. W. (1977) · Electronics and Power · doi:10.1049/ep.1977.0180 · Cited by 7,338
Research Development on Sodium-Ion Batteries
Yabuuchi, N., Kubota, K., Dahbi, M., & Komaba, S. (2014) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr500192f · Cited by 6,478
Metal-Free Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Dai, L., Xue, Y., Qu, L., Choi, H.-J., & Baek, J.-B. (2015) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr5003563 · Cited by 2,380
Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Conventional and Electric Vehicles
Hawkins, T. R., Singh, B., Majeau‐Bettez, G., & Strømman, A. H. (2013) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00532.x · Cited by 1,670
Materials Availability Expands the Opportunity for Large-Scale Photovoltaics Deployment
Wadia, C., Alivisatos, A. P., & Kammen, D. M. (2009) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es8019534 · Cited by 1,156
Energy Technology Perspectives 2020
International Energy Agency (2020) · OECD eBooks · doi:10.1787/ab43a9a5-en · Cited by 1,062
CoS Supersedes Pt as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Triiodide Reduction in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Wang, M., Anghel, A. M., Marsan, B., Cevey Ha, N.-L., Pootrakulchote, N., Zakeeruddin, S. M., & Grätzel, M. (2009) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja905970y · Cited by 893
Advances in crystalline silicon solar cell technology for industrial mass production
Saga, T. (2010) · NPG Asia Materials · doi:10.1038/asiamat.2010.82 · Cited by 764
A dopant-free hole-transporting material for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Liu, J., Wu, Y., Qin, C., Yang, X., Yasuda, T., Islam, A., Zhang, K., Peng, W., Chen, W., & Han, L. (2014) · Energy Environ. Sci. · doi:10.1039/c4ee01589d · Cited by 719
Cited by
Digital Economy as a Factor in the Technological Development of the Mineral Sector
Litvinenko, V. S. (2020) · Natural Resources Research · doi:10.1007/s11053-019-09568-4 · Cited by 561
Review of critical metal dynamics to 2050 for 48 elements
Watari, T., Nansai, K., & Nakajima, K. (2020) · Resources, Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104669 · Cited by 417
Watari, T., McLellan, B. C., Giurco, D., Dominish, E., Yamasue, E., & Nansai, K. (2019) · Resources, Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.05.015 · Cited by 341
The geopolitics of energy system transformation: A review
Blondeel, M., Bradshaw, M. J., Bridge, G., & Kuzemko, C. (2021) · Geography Compass · doi:10.1111/gec3.12580 · Cited by 341
The geopolitics of renewable energy: Debunking four emerging myths
Overland, I. (2019) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2018.10.018 · Cited by 303
Metadata
- Authors
- Månberger, A., & Stenqvist, B.
- Venue
- Energy Policy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-08
- Volume
- 119
- Pages
- 226-241
- ISSN
- 0301-4215 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2799398061
- Cited by
- 304
- References
- 56
- FWCI
- 16.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Global metal flows in the renewable energy transition: Exploring the effects of substitutes, technological mix and development. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.04.056
- The paper
- Månberger, A., & Stenqvist, B. (2018). Global metal flows in the renewable energy transition: Exploring the effects of substitutes, technological mix and development. Energy Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.04.056
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
