Cited by 472Climate Change and Health ImpactsAir Quality and Health ImpactsThermoregulation and physiological responses

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Humidity: A review and primer on atmospheric moisture and human health

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Davis, Robert E., McGregor, Glenn R., Enfield, Kyle B.·2016·Environmental Research

DOI 10.1016/j.envres.2015.10.014

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Abstract

Research examining associations between weather and human health frequently includes the effects of atmospheric humidity. A large number of humidity variables have been developed for numerous purposes, but little guidance is available to health researchers regarding appropriate variable selection. We examine a suite of commonly used humidity variables and summarize both the medical and biometeorological literature on associations between humidity and human health. As an example of the importance of humidity variable selection, we correlate numerous hourly humidity variables to daily respiratory syncytial virus isolates in Singapore from 1992 to 1994. Most water-vapor mass based variables (specific humidity, absolute humidity, mixing ratio, dewpoint temperature, vapor pressure) exhibit comparable correlations. Variables that include a thermal component (relative humidity, dewpoint depression, saturation vapor pressure) exhibit strong diurnality and seasonality. Humidity variable selection must be dictated by the underlying research question. Despite being the most commonly used humidity variable, relative humidity should be used sparingly and avoided in cases when the proximity to saturation is not medically relevant. Care must be taken in averaging certain humidity variables daily or seasonally to avoid statistical biasing associated with variables that are inherently diurnal through their relationship to temperature.

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See all 472

Authors: Davis, R. E., McGregor, G. R., & Enfield, K. B.
Affiliations: University of Virginia (US)
Durham University (GB)
University of Virginia Health System (US)
Corresponding author: Davis, Robert E.
ORCID: Davis, Robert E.
McGregor, Glenn R.
Venue: Environmental Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2016-01
Volume: 144
Issue: Pt A
Pages: 106-116
ISSN: 0013-9351 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.10.014
OpenAlex: W2220109943
Cited by: 472
References: 111
Citations by year: 2026: 52 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 8
FWCI: 1.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
dro.dur.ac.uk
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Environmental Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders: National University of Singapore
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Climate Change and Health Impacts
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
Keywords: air humidity, relative humidity, specific humidity, absolute humidity, dewpoint temperature, vapor pressure, mixing ratio, saturated vapor pressure, respiratory syncytial virus, weather and health, biometeorology, diurnal variation, seasonal variation
MeSH terms: Health, Humans, Humidity

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Humidity: A review and primer on atmospheric moisture and human health

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