The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Is academic writing becoming more informal?
Open accessOverview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Politeness : Some Universals in Language Usage
Brown, P. (1987) · Cited by 11,894
Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English
Broussard, K. M., Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., & Finegan, E. (2000) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3587792 · Cited by 8,193
Variation across Speech and Writing
Biber, D. (1988) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511621024 · Cited by 5,227
Stance and engagement: a model of interaction in academic discourse
Hyland, K. (2005) · Discourse Studies · doi:10.1177/1461445605050365 · Cited by 1,998
Self-citationDisciplinary Discourses: Social Interactions in Academic Writing
Sun, J., & Hyland, K. (2001) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3587657 · Cited by 1,970
Self-citationOpening Pandora's Box: A Sociological Analysis of Scientists' Discourse.
Gieryn, T. F., Gilbert, G. N., & Mulkay, M. (1985) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2070471 · Cited by 1,580
(1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.280.5365.797k · Cited by 1,281
Homan, Z. S. (2019) · Mittani Palaeography · doi:10.1163/9789004417243_003 · Cited by 1,100
Change in Contemporary English: A Grammatical Study
Leech, G., Hundt, M., Mair, C., & Smith, N. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511642210 · Cited by 866
Humble servants of the discipline? Self-mention in research articles
Hyland, K. (2001) · English for Specific Purposes · doi:10.1016/s0889-4906(00)00012-0 · Cited by 775
Self-citation
Cited by
Does ChatGPT Write Like a Student? Engagement Markers in Argumentative Essays
Jiang, F. (., & Hyland, K. (2025) · Written Communication · doi:10.1177/07410883251328311 · Cited by 52
Self-citationZhang, M., & Zhang, J. (2025) · Journal of English for Academic Purposes · doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2025.101540 · Cited by 17
More confident, less formal: stylistic changes in academic psychology writing from 1970 to 2016
Wheeler, M. A., Vylomova, E., McGrath, M. J., & Haslam, N. (2021) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1007/s11192-021-04166-9 · Cited by 15
Zhang, M., & Zhang, J. (2026) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/amaf032 · Cited by 7
جاسم, ا. (2025) · Journal of Misan Researches · doi:10.52834/jmr.v21i41.286
Metadata
- Authors
- Hyland, K., & Jiang, F. (.
- Venue
- English for Specific Purposes
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 45
- Pages
- 40-51
- ISSN
- 0889-4906 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2529328470
- Cited by
- 267
- References
- 35
- FWCI
- 129.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Is academic writing becoming more informal? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.esp.2016.09.001
- The paper
- Hyland, K., & Jiang, F. (. (2017). Is academic writing becoming more informal? English for Specific Purposes. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2016.09.001
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.