Neuroprotective effects of chlorogenic acid against apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by methylmercury
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) widely exists in edible and medicinal plants. We aimed to evaluate the effect of CGA on the protection from apoptosis by methylmercury (MeHg) in PC12 cells. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry detection. Caspase-3 activity was measured by confocal microscopy. Intracellular GSH levels were determined by bicinchoninic acid protein assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was assessed by means of chloromethyl-dihydrodichlorofluorescein diacetate. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was determined by UV. In order to elucidate the action of CGA, the protective effects of CGA were compared to Vit.E. CGA was effective at protecting PC12 cells against MeHg-induced damage in dose-dependent manner. CGA not only suppressed the generation of ROS, the decrease of activity in GPx and the decrease of GSH, but also attenuated caspase-3 activation in PC12 cells by MeHg. CGA eventually protected PC12 cells against MeHg-induced apoptosis. The results highlighted that CGA may exert neuroprotective effects through its antioxidant actions.
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The fraction of phenolic compounds, consisting mainly of caffeic acid, quinic acid, and the chlorogenic acids family, is suggested to be the main compounds responsible for the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of coffee ground extracts.
“It is suggested that the fraction of phenolic compounds, consisting mainly of caffeic acid (CA), quinic acid (QA), and the chlorogenic acids family, are the main compounds responsible for these properties [145,146,147,148,149,150,151].”
From Multi-Target Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Alzheimer’s Disease: Effects on Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Protein Aggregation (2022) · cites this paper as [146]
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“혈압강하와 관련이 있는 것으로, 리그난의 일종인 아크티게닌 (arctigenin)과 아크티인(arctiin)은 항종양에 효과적인 것으로 발표 되었다(6-10).”
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“Consequently, PC12 cells are considered a useful model for studying the mechanism of apoptosis induced by methyl mercury, paraquat and manganese (21-23).”
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Kianfar, M., Nezami, A., Mehri, S., Hosseinzadeh, H., Hayes, A. W., & Karimi, G. (2018) · Drug and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1080/01480545.2018.1536140 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Chlorogenic acid and intestinal health: mechanistic insights and therapeutic applications
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Inhibition of acid-sensing ion channels by chlorogenic acid in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons
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Roasting has a distinct effect on the antimutagenic activity of coffee varieties
Priftis, A., Mitsiou, D., Halabalaki, M., Ntasi, G., Stagos, D., Skaltsounis, A., & Kouretas, D. (2018) · Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.03.003 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Biological activity of Hyptis Jacq. (Lamiaceae) is determined by the environment
dos Santos, K. P., Sedano-Partida, M. D., Sala‐Carvalho, W. R., Loureiro, B. O. S. J., da Silva-Luz, C. L., & Furlan, C. M. (2018) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.12.065 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
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“[15] Chlorogenic acid has been shown its biological and physiological activities such as antihyperalgesic,[16] radioprotective,[17] anti‐inflammatory,[18] antiulcerogenic,[19] antihepatotoxic,[20] neuroprotective effects,[21] and antioxidant activity of chlorogenic acid‐rich extract from Etlingera elatior leaves.”
BackgroundBlack, P. L., Niu, L., Sachdeva, M., Lean, D. R. S., Poon, R. W. M., Bowers, W. J., Chan, H. M., Arnason, J. T., & Pelletier, G. (2011) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.035 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“, 2008; Cho and Lee, 2004) and interestingly, similar findings have been reported following co-exposure with MeHg (Lucena et al., 2007; Yongjin et al., 2008; Farina et al., 2005).”
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Neuroprotective Effect of Chlorogenic Acids against Alzheimer’s Disease
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“Reduction of apoptotic cells, caspase-3 activity, and suppression of ROS formation were observed [26].”
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Baicalin inhibits colistin sulfate-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells.
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“After loading, cells were washed twice with normal medium and DCF fluorescence was measured using the Wallac Victor Multilabel Counter (Perkin Elmer, Vernon Hills, USA) with excitation and emission wavelengths of 485 and 530 nm, respectively [32-33] .”
MethodLucena, G. M. R. S., Prediger, R. D., Silva, M. V., dos Santos, S. N., Silva, J. F. B., Santos, A. R. S., Azevedo, M. S. D., & Ferreira, V. M. M. (2012) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2012.08.003 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
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“As shown by the treatment of neuronal cells with both Spirulina and a heavy metal solution, the proliferative effect of our Spirulina platensis on SH-SY5Y cells may be attributed to its neuroprotective action against heavy-metals-induced cell damage [43].”
BackgroundPlant components can reduce methylmercury toxication: A mini-review
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Role of fruits in aging and age-related disorders
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“Cytochrome c release activates Caspase-3, a key executioner of apoptosis.”
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“Given its neuroprotective effect in PC12 cells, CGA is one of the candidate components in coffee that may protect neurons from degeneration [59,63,64].”
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“The 2,7 dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) technique was used to evaluate the intracellular ROS levels (Li et al., 2008).”
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Effect of trans-sodium crocetinate on contrast-induced cytotoxicity in HEK-293 cells.
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Effect of burdock extract on physical performance and physiological fatigue in mice
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“Many studies have confirmed that BD has antitumor [3], antioxidative [29], anti-inflammatory [24], antibacterial [43], prebiotic [26], and anti-HIV properties [41], inhibits NO production [30], and prevents diabetic complications [42].”
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“It prevents the generation of reactive-oxygen species (ROS), suppressing the decreasing action of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and GSH and attenuating apoptosis by the activation of caspase-3 [33] and also inhibits the activity of acetylcholine esterase and MDA in the hippocampus as well as in the frontal cortex in mi…”
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“Chlorogenic acid, the main component of Lonicera japonica, may protect cells against apoptosis by attenuating caspase-3 activation [39].”
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“(32)는 chlorogenic acid가 methylmercury로 산화적 독성을 유도한 PC12 신경세포에 대하여 세포자살 저해 및 신경세포 보호효과를 나타낸다고 보고하였다.”
Effects of β-HgS on cell viability and intracellular oxidative stress in PC-12 cells
Geng, L., Xia, Z., Lu, Y., Li, C., Zhang, M., Du, Y., Wei, L., & Bi, H. (2020) · Metallomics · doi:10.1039/d0mt00088d · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Aminifard, T., Mehri, S., Rahbardar, M. G., Rajabian, F., Rad, A. K., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2024) · PubMed Central · doi:10.22038/ijbms.2024.75306.16322 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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Determination of Chlorogenic Acid in Solid-lipid Nanoparticles: Validation by UV-spectroscopy
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Valerian and Yarrow: Two medicinal Plants as Crop Protectant Against Late Frost
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Recent Advances in the Discovery of Bioactive Components from Natural Honey
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“After that, cells were washed with PBS and the fluorescence intensity of DCF was read at 485 and 538 nm for the excitation and emission wavelength, respectively by a microplate-reader.(19)”
MethodNutraceuticals and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: A Pathway for Preventing Cognitive Decline
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Neuroprotective Effects of Honey: A Mechanistic View
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Chlorogenic acid co‐administration alleviates cisplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathy in rats
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“In the presence of intracellular ROS, DCFH converted to fluorescent dichlorofluorescein (DCF) [14].”
Heath Benefits of Phenolic Compounds in Honey: An Essay
Qadir, J., Wani, J. A., Ali, S., Yatoo, A. M., Zehra, U., Rasool, S., Ali, S., & Majid, S. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-6799-5_19 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Aminifard, T., Mehri, S., Rahbardar, M. G., Rajabian, F., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3140940/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Li, Y., Shi, W., Li, Y., Zhou, Y., Hu, X., Song, C., Ma, H., Wang, C., & Li, Y.
- Affiliations
- Peking University (CN)
- Jilin Medical University (CN)
- Venue
- Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-07
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13-21
- ISSN
- 1382-6689 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2081236308
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Mercury impact and mitigation studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disorders and Treatments
- Keywords
- chlorogenic acid, methylmercury, neuroprotection, apoptosis, PC12 cells, caspase-3, reactive oxygen species, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, antioxidant activity, mercury neurotoxicity
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