The Living Heart Project: A robust and integrative simulator for human heart function
Open accessAbstract
The heart is not only our most vital, but also our most complex organ: Precisely controlled by the interplay of electrical and mechanical fields, it consists of four chambers and four valves, which act in concert to regulate its filling, ejection, and overall pump function. While numerous computational models exist to study either the electrical or the mechanical response of its individual chambers, the integrative electro-mechanical response of the whole heart remains poorly understood. Here we present a proof-of-concept simulator for a four-chamber human heart model created from computer topography and magnetic resonance images. We illustrate the governing equations of excitation-contraction coupling and discretize them using a single, unified finite element environment. To illustrate the basic features of our model, we visualize the electrical potential and the mechanical deformation across the human heart throughout its cardiac cycle. To compare our simulation against common metrics of cardiac function, we extract the pressure-volume relationship and show that it agrees well with clinical observations. Our prototype model allows us to explore and understand the key features, physics, and technologies to create an integrative, predictive model of the living human heart. Ultimately, our simulator will open opportunities to probe landscapes of clinical parameters, and guide device design and treatment planning in cardiac diseases such as stenosis, regurgitation, or prolapse of the aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid, or mitral valve.
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The biomechanics of the single-layer ventricle models is consistent with theoretical predictions from the past 50 years.
“showing that the biomechanics of these single-layer ventricle models is consistent with theoretical predictions from the past 50 years (3, 4, 25).”
From Recreating the heart's helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
The Discussion (page unavailable) says the paper’s whole-heart simulation predicts mechanical deformation and muscle-fiber strain that agree with clinical observations and engineering intuition; it also compares ventricular shortening with a previous simulation. It does not establish that single-layer ventricle models agree with theoretical predictions spanning the past 50 years. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe deformation results were consistent with previous analytical and computational models in showing more homogeneous deformations for HA ventricles.
“Overall, these results were consistent with the projections of previous analytical and computational models (3, 25, 36) in that they showed more-homogeneous deformations for HA ventricles.”
From Recreating the heart's helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
Results §5.1 says mechanical deformation is not homogeneous, despite homogeneous electrical potential. The paper models helically arranged ventricular fibers (§4.1), but the passages found do not compare deformation homogeneity in HA ventricles with another ventricular arrangement. The statement that deformation is not homogeneous does not by itself rule out a comparative finding of *more* homogeneous deformation. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Baillargeon, B., Rebelo, N., Fox, D. D., Taylor, R. L., & Kuhl, E.
- Affiliations
- Dassault Systèmes (United States) (US)
- ORCID
- Kuhl, Ellen
- Venue
- European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-11
- Volume
- 48
- Pages
- 38-47
- ISSN
- 0997-7538 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4175454
- OpenAlex
- W2131414969
- Cited by
- 370
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 8.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (U54 GM072970)
- National Science Foundation (CMMI 0952021, 1233054)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Elasticity and Material Modeling
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Advanced Numerical Methods in Computational Mathematics
- Keywords
- electromechanical coupling, excitation-contraction coupling, cardiac simulation, cardiac cycle, pressure-volume relationship, heart valves, magnetic resonance imaging, finite element model, heart disease, valve stenosis, valvular regurgitation, mitral valve prolapse
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