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Bladder Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Global Overview and Recent Trends
Abstract
Context Bladder cancer has become a common cancer globally, with an estimated 430 000 new cases diagnosed in 2012. Objective We examine the most recent global bladder cancer incidence and mortality patterns and trends, the current understanding of the aetiology of the disease, and specific issues that may influence the registration and reporting of bladder cancer. Evidence acquisition Global bladder cancer incidence and mortality statistics are based on data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the World Health Organisation (Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, GLOBOCAN, and the World Health Organisation Mortality). Evidence synthesis Bladder cancer ranks as the ninth most frequently-diagnosed cancer worldwide, with the highest incidence rates observed in men in Southern and Western Europe, North America, as well in certain countries in Northern Africa or Western Asia. Incidence rates are consistently lower in women than men, although sex differences varied greatly between countries. Diverging incidence trends were also observed by sex in many countries, with stabilising or declining rates in men but some increasing trends seen for women. Bladder cancer ranks 13th in terms of deaths ranks, with mortality rates decreasing particularly in the most developed countries; the exceptions are countries undergoing rapid economic transition, including in Central and South America, some central, southern, and eastern European countries, and the Baltic countries. Conclusions The observed patterns and trends of bladder cancer incidence worldwide appear to reflect the prevalence of tobacco smoking, although infection with Schistosoma haematobium and other risk factors are major causes in selected populations. Differences in coding and registration practices need to be considered when comparing bladder cancer statistics geographically or over time. Patient summary The main risk factor for bladder cancer is tobacco smoking. The observed patterns and trends of bladder cancer incidence worldwide appear to reflect the prevalence of tobacco smoking.
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“The epidemiology of bladder cancer varies by region, with tobacco smoking, occupational exposures (e.g., aromatic amines), and arsenic contamination of drinking water among the putative causes in industrialized countries.159,160”
From Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. (2024) · cites this paper as [160]
In the citing paper
“Diverging bladder cancer incidence trends have been observed by sex since the 1990s, with rates tending to decrease or stabilize in men but increase among women in certain European countries (e.g., in Spain, the Netherlands, Germany, and Belarus).160,162,163”
From Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. (2024) · cites this paper as [160]
In the citing paper
“comparing trends in bladder cancer mortality rates may be more suitable for assessing progress in disease control.160,166”
From Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. (2024) · cites this paper as [160]
In the citing paper
“Of note, there may be artifactual changes in incidence because of differences in coding and registration practice concerning inclusion or otherwise of noninvasive carcinomas.160,166,167”
From Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. (2024) · cites this paper as [160]
In the citing paper
“increases in mortality rates have also been reported among men in Thailand, Israel, and Slovakia and among women in Thailand, Japan, Croatia, and Poland.160”
From Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. (2024) · cites this paper as [160]
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“160,166,167 Because these cancers often represent a large proportion of all bladder cancers 168 and are commonly associated with reasonably favorable survival, comparing trends in bladder cancer mortality rates may be more suitable for assessing progress in disease control.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Antoni, S., Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Znaor, A., Jemal, A., & Bray, F.
- Affiliations
- Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (FR)
- American Cancer Society (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bray, Freddie
- Venue
- European Urology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 96-108
- ISSN
- 0302-2838 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2473162054
- Cited by
- 2,514
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 79 · 2025: 165 · 2024: 248 · 2023: 244 · 2022: 314 · 2021: 414 · 2020: 400 · 2019: 306 · 2018: 225 · 2017: 102
- FWCI
- 21.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Urology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Urinary and Genital Oncology Studies
- Keywords
- bladder cancer, cancer incidence, cancer mortality, incidence trends, sex differences, smoking, Schistosoma haematobium, etiology, global cancer statistics
- MeSH terms
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Male, Registries, Risk Factors, Smoking, Global Health, Incidence, Internationality
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