The global burden of urinary bladder cancer
Abstract
Statistics on the incidence of bladder cancer are particularly hard to interpret, because of changing classification, variations in counting of multiple cancers in the same individual and, most importantly, the variable inclusion of non-invasive cancers in different data sets. Mortality statistics are almost certainly more comparable, but as indirect estimators of disease risk, require some cautious interpretation, because of differing survival between populations, and over time. Cancer of the bladder is estimated to be the ninth most common cause of cancer worldwide (357 000 cases in 2002) and the 13th most numerous cause of death from cancer (145 000 deaths). Rates in males are three to four times those in females. Incidence rates are high in many southern and eastern European countries, in parts of Africa and the Middle East, and in North America. The highest estimated mortality is in Egypt, where rates are more than three times greater than the highest rates in Europe and eight times those in the USA. In the USA, the incidence in whites is higher than in blacks. In general, in Western countries, incidence rates have been rising, but the increase has slowed or stopped in many. Mortality rates are, for the most part, decreasing. Trends are more variable in developing countries. To some extent, the geography and time trends are related to prevalence of known risk factors, especially exposure to tobacco (responsible for almost one-third of bladder cancer deaths) and, in some specific areas, schistosomiasis.
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There may be artifactual changes in bladder cancer incidence because of differences in coding and registration practice concerning inclusion or otherwise of noninvasive carcinomas.
“Of note, there may be artifactual changes in incidence because of differences in coding and registration practice concerning inclusion or otherwise of noninvasive carcinomas.160,166,167”
From Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. (2024) · cites this paper as [166]
Comparing trends in bladder cancer mortality rates may be more suitable for assessing progress in disease control than comparing incidence trends.
“comparing trends in bladder cancer mortality rates may be more suitable for assessing progress in disease control.160,166”
From Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. (2024) · cites this paper as [166]
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- Authors
- Parkin, D. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Parkin, D. Maxwell
- ORCID
- Parkin, D. Maxwell
- Venue
- Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-01-01
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- sup218
- Pages
- 12-20
- ISSN
- 0036-5599 (ISSN-L)
- 1651-2065
- OpenAlex
- W2117705442
- Cited by
- 357
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 4.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Urinary and Genital Oncology Studies
- Keywords
- bladder cancer, global burden of disease, cancer incidence, cancer mortality, incidence trends, mortality trends, sex differences, regional variation, tobacco smoke exposure, schistosomiasis, risk factors, non-invasive bladder cancer
- MeSH terms
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Humans, Morbidity, Risk Factors, Global Health, Survival Rate
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