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Sarcopenic obesity: Myokines as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets?
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a condition characterized by the occurrence of both sarcopenia and obesity and imposes a heavy burden on the health of the elderly. Controversies and challenges regarding the definition, diagnosis and treatment of SO still remain because of its complex pathogenesis and limitations. Over the past few decades, numerous studies have revealed that myokines secreted from skeletal muscle play significant roles in the regulation of muscle mass and function as well as metabolic homeostasis. Abnormalities in myokines may trigger and promote the pathogenesis underlying age-related and metabolic diseases, including obesity, sarcopenia, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and SO. This review mainly focuses on the role of myokines as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis and therapeutic targets in SO.
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“Hormones were identified and subsequently leveraged for use as therapeutics throughout the 20th century but it is only in more recent times that numerous families of secreted signaling molecules bearing the suffix “‐kines” such as myokines, 243 osteokines, adipokines, 244 and hepatokines 245 have been identified. 242”
From The role of the androgen receptor in the pathogenesis of obesity and its utility as a target for obesity treatments (2022) · cites this paper as [243]
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“Studies have shown that exercise can upregulate anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10, thereby counteracting the inhibitory effect of TNF-α on muscle protein synthesis and alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle 32,33 .”
Interleukin profile of patients with cataracts and sarcopenic obesity
Агарков, Н. М., Kopylov, A. E., Yablokov, M. M., & Абрамов, А. А. (2026) · Russian Ophthalmological Journal · doi:10.21516/2072-0076-2026-19-1-142-147
Yu, Y., He, Y., Wang, Y., Wu, C., Zhou, R., Chen, F., & Ma, W. (2026) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202601360r
“IL-10 deficiency leads to constitutive NF-κB activation, increased IL-6 production, and compromised muscle strength [162, 172, 173].”
Jiang, N., Wang, S., Zhang, J., & Jia, D. (2026) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells15110981
“…against age-related metabolic diseases by improving mitochondrial dysfunction [11,12], Physiological muscle hypertrophy resulting from chronic exercise training is critically associated with a panel of skeletal muscle-secreted factors, including myokines, growth factors, and myostatin [13–16].”
Mahmood, S., Safiyah, Fatima, M., Salman, M., & Siddiqui, B. (2026) · Bangladesh Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.4103/bjem.bjem_15_26
Metadata
- Authors
- Guo, A., Li, K., & Xiao, Q.
- Affiliations
- The Affiliated Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Xiao, Qian
- Venue
- Experimental Gerontology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-10
- Volume
- 139
- Pages
- 111022
- ISSN
- 0531-5565 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3043914821
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 286
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental Gerontology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Chongqing Medical University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- sarcopenic obesity, myokines, skeletal muscle, biomarkers, therapeutic target, sarcopenia, obesity, type 2 diabetes, aging, metabolic homeostasis, muscle mass and function
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Obesity, Biomarkers, Muscle, Skeletal, Sarcopenia
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