Chemical composition of the essential oil and hexane extract of Salvia chionantha and their antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities
Abstract
The essential oil and methyl ester of hexane extract of Salvia chionantha Boiss. were analysed by GC and GC-MS. Totally, 54 components were detected in the essential oil and all of them were fully determined. Germacrene D (25.03%), β-caryophyllene (8.71%), spathulenol (5.86%) and α-humulene (4.82%) were identified as the major compounds. In the methylated hexane extract, 3-hydroxy hexadecanoic acid (39.39%), 3-hydroxy tetradecanoic acid (12.66%) and palmitic acid (12.02%) were the major fatty acids elucidated. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil and the hexane extract was determined by using four complementary test systems; namely, β-carotene-linoleic acid, DPPH() scavenging, ABTS(+)* scavenging, and CUPRAC assays. In β-carotene-linoleic acid assay, the extract showed 81.2±0.1% lipid peroxidation inhibition at 0.8 mg/mL concentration, while in ABTS(+)* assay the essential oil exhibited 77.4±0.5% inhibition at same concentration. Since, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes are taking place in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, in vitro anticholinesterase activity of the essential oil and the extract was also studied spectrophotometrically. At 0.5mg/mL concentration, the essential oil showed moderate acetylcholinesterase (56.7±1.9%) and butyrylcholinesterase (41.7±2.9%) inhibitory activity, while the extract was only exhibited activity (63.1±0.8%) against butyrylcholinesterase enzyme. Hence, the essential oil may be useful as a moderate anticholinesterase agent, particularly against acetylcholinesterase.
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Salvia chionantha extract exhibited 63 ± 0.8% activity only against BChE at 500 μg/mL.
“In contrast, the extract exhibited 63 ± 0.8% activity only against BChE at the concentration of 500 μg/mL.”
From Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Potential of Various Sesquiterpene Analogues for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [94]
Cholinesterase inhibitory activity of Salvia chionantha essential oil could be attributed to Germacrene d.
“Cholinesterase inhibitory activity could be attributed to the presence of Germacrene d, a sesquiterpenoid in the oil.”
From Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Potential of Various Sesquiterpene Analogues for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [94]
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“…lipid peroxidation (Asadi et al. 2010; Lima et al. 2007), enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (Asadi et al. 2010; Esmaeili and Sonboli 2010; Tel et al. 2010; Tepe 2008; Tepe et al. 2005; Zhao et al. 2006), and scavenged free radicals (Asadi et al. 2010; Esmaeili and Sonboli 2010; Han et…”
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“Moreover it is investigated that phenolic components had a good correlation with anti-oxidant activity [74].”
Phytochemical and biological research of Salvia medicinal resources
Hao, D.-C., & Xiao, P. G. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-41783-2.00001-4
- Authors
- Tel, G., Öztürk, M., Duru, M. E., Harmandar, M., & Topçu, G.
- Affiliations
- Muğla University (TR)
- Istanbul Technical University (TR)
- Corresponding author
- Öztürk, Mehmet
- Venue
- Food and Chemical Toxicology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-11
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3189-3193
- ISSN
- 0278-6915 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2085784683
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Food and Chemical Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Istanbul Technical University Academic Open Archive (Istanbul Technical University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Keywords
- essential oils, hexane extract, chemical composition, germacrene D, β-caryophyllene, spathulenol, α-humulene, fatty acids, antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation inhibition, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, butyrylcholinesterase inhibition, Alzheimer's disease, natural products
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholinesterase, Antioxidants, Biphenyl Compounds, Butyrylcholinesterase, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Copper, Free Radicals, Hexanes, Indicators and Reagents, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Oils, Volatile, Oxidation-Reduction, Picrates, Plant Oils, Free Radical Scavengers, beta Carotene, Linoleic Acid, Salvia
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