Three-month subchronic intramuscular toxicity study of rotigotine-loaded microspheres in Cynomolgus monkeys
Abstract
Continuous dopaminergic stimulation (CDS) is an important drug development strategy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Rotigotine is a non-ergoline D(3)/D(2)/D(1) dopamine receptor agonist for treating PD. As a new treatment option for CDS, rotigotine-loaded microspheres (RoMS), long-acting sustained-release microspheres with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) as drug carrier, are now being evaluated in clinical trial. In the present study, the subchronic toxicity in Cynomolgus monkeys has been characterized via intramuscular administration with RoMS at 0, 10, 40 and 160 mg/kg, weekly for 3 months with a 1-month recovery period. The NOAEL was 10 mg/kg/week. One male at 160 mg/kg died from an extensive pulmonary embolism. The major toxicological effects were associated with dopamine agonist-related pharmacodynamic properties of rotigotine (e.g., hyperactivity and stereotype, decreased serum prolactin level) and foreign body removal reaction induced by poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and carboxymethycellulose sodium (e.g., increased mononuclear cells and neutrophils, thymus atrophy and vacuolar degeneration of adrenal cortex, foreign body granuloma with foam cells accumulation at injection sites and foam cells accumulation in spleen and multiple lymph sinuses). At the end of recovery period, above findings recovered to a normal level or to a certain degree except vacuolar degeneration of adrenal gland. RoMS has exhibited high safety on monkeys.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Chronic administration of rotigotine-loaded PLGA-MS in monkey and SD rats showed sustained release behavior accompanied by better safety.
“Other investigators also confirmed that chronic administration of rotigotine-loaded PLGA-MS in monkey and SD rats showed sustained release behavior accompanied by better safety.123,124”
From Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles (2019) · cites this paper as [124]
Cites
Dauer, W., & Przedborski, S. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00568-3 · Cited by 5,469 · see citing works
Biodegradation and biocompatibility of PLA and PLGA microspheres
Anderson, J. M., & Shive, M. S. (1997) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0169-409x(97)00048-3 · Cited by 2,617 · see citing works
Polymer microspheres for controlled drug release
Freiberg, S., & Zhu, X. X. (2004) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.04.013 · Cited by 1,339 · see citing works
Dopamine as a Prolactin (PRL) Inhibitor
Ben-Jonathan, N., & Hnasko, R. (2001) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.22.6.0451 · Cited by 983 · see citing works
Olanow, C. W., Obeso, J. A., & Stocchi, F. (2006) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(06)70521-x · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Levodopa-induced dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson's disease: filling the bench-to-bedside gap
Calabresi, P., Filippo, M. D., Ghiglieri, V., Tambasco, N., & Picconi, B. (2010) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(10)70218-0 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Parkinson's disease in a Scottish city.
Mutch, W. J., Dingwall-Fordyce, I., Downie, A. W., Paterson, J. G., & Roy, S. K. (1986) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.292.6519.534 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Milestones in Parkinson's disease therapeutics
Rascol, O., Lozano, A. M., Stern, M., & Poewe, W. H. (2011) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23714 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Dopamine as a Prolactin (PRL) Inhibitor
Ben‐Jonathan, N. (2001) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.22.6.724 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Therapies for dopaminergic‐induced dyskinesias in parkinson disease
Gottwald, M. D., & Aminoff, M. J. (2011) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.22423 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Thorough QT/QTc Study in Patients With Advanced Parkinson's Disease: Cardiac Safety of Rotigotine
Malík, M., Andreas, J., Hnatkova, K., Hoeckendorff, J., Cawello, W., Middle, M. V., Horstmann, R., & Braun, M. A. (2008) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/clpt.2008.143 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Chen, J. J., Swope, D., Dashtipour, K., & Lyons, K. E. (2009) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1592/phco.29.12.1452 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Sanford, M., & Scott, L. J. (2011) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/11206750-000000000-00000 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Blandini, F., & Armentero, M. (2012) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1517/13543784.2012.651457 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Investigation of the degradation behaviour of poly(ethylene glycol-co-d,l-lactide) copolymer
Dorati, R., Genta, I., Colonna, C., Modena, T., Pavanetto, F., Perugini, P., & Conti, B. (2007) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.06.020 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Duodenal levodopa infusion for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease
Samanta, J., & Hauser, R. A. (2007) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.8.5.657 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Wang, A., Wang, L., Sun, K., Liu, W., Sha, C., & Li, Y. (2012) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-012-0762-0 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationvan der Weide, J., Tendijck, M. E. C., Tepper, P. G., Vries, J. B. D., Dubocovich, M. L., & Horn, A. S. (1988) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(88)90309-3 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Baldwin, C. M., & Keating, G. M. (2007) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200721120-00007 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Schmidt, W., Lebsanft, H. B., Heindl, M., Gerlach, M., Grünblatt, E., Riederer, P. F., Mayerhofer, A., & Scheller, D. K. A. (2008) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-008-0102-z · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Continuous dopaminergic stimulation and novel formulations of dopamine agonists
Stocchi, F. (2011) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-011-6024-y · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Stockwell, K., Scheller, D., Smith, L. A., Rose, S., Iravani, M. M., Jackson, M. J., & Jenner, P. G. (2009) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.10.004 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Transdermal delivery of dopamine receptor agonists
Reichmann, H. (2009) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70843-0 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Review: Therapeutic options for continuous dopaminergic stimulation in Parkinson's disease
Sujith, O. K., & Lane, C. J. (2009) · Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders · doi:10.1177/1756285608101378 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Continuous dopaminergic stimulation achieved by duodenal levodopa infusion
Odin, P., Wolters, E. C., & Antonini, A. (2008) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-008-1054-7 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Drug safety evaluation of rotigotine
Sprenger, F., Seppi, K., & Poewe, W. H. (2012) · Expert Opinion on Drug Safety · doi:10.1517/14740338.2012.678830 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Continuous dopaminergic delivery in Parkinson’s disease
Antonini, A., Ursino, G., Calandrella, D., Bernardi, L., & Plebani, M. (2010) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-010-5714-1 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Plasma levels of rotigotine and the reversal of motor deficits in MPTP-treated primates
Rose, S., Scheller, D. K. A., Breidenbach, A., Smith, L. A., Jackson, M., Stockwell, K., & Jenner, P. G. (2007) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e3280ebb400 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles
Singh, A. P., Biswas, A., Shukla, A., & Maiti, P. (2019) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-019-0068-3 · Cited by 645 · see citing works
Drug development in Parkinson's disease: From emerging molecules to innovative drug delivery systems
Garbayo, E., Ansorena, E., & Blanco‐Prieto, M. J. (2013) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.05.019 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Advances in Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases
Hernando, S., Gartziandia, O., Herrán, E., Pedraz, J. L., Igartúa, M., & Hernández, R. M. (2016) · Nanomedicine · doi:10.2217/nnm-2016-0019 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Prospects for polymer therapeutics in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders
Newland, B., Newland, H., Werner, C., Rosser, A., & Wang, W. (2015) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.12.002 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
New Symptomatic Treatments for the Management of Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease
Taddei, R. N., Spinnato, F., & Jenner, P. G. (2017) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2017.03.004 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
De, S., Banerjee, S., Rakshit, P., Banerjee, S., & Kumar, S. K. A. (2024) · Current Diabetes Reviews · doi:10.2174/0115733998291968240429111357 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Duan, S., Dong, L., Wang, B., Wei, S., Gong, X., Yu, P., Li, C., Gao, Y., Ye, L., Wang, H., et al. (2021) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104886 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationNanocarriers to mediate the pathways from diabetes toward Parkinson's disease
De, S., & Kuo, Y. (2024) · Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers · doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2024.105401 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Zhao, X., Guo, C., Zhang, H., Yu, X., Du, G., Tian, J., Liu, W., Song, T., Chen, X., & Guo, W. (2023) · Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1111/bcpt.13972 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationZhao, X., Guo, C., Zhang, H., Yu, X., Zhu, X., Du, G., Tian, J., Liu, W., Song, T., Chen, X., et al. (2024) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2024.114786 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationNanotechnology Based Approaches for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment
Hernando, S., Herrán, E., Pedraz, J. L., Igartúa, M., & Hernández, R. M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57696-1_3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Lv, W., Zhang, H., Chen, Y., Wu, M., Qin, C., Yin, Z., Zhao, X., Guo, W. Y., Cen, X., Yu, X., et al. (2025) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2025.115384 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, W., Zhang, C., Fan, Y., Yue, S., Yang, Y., Liu, R., Zhang, L., Wang, T., & Fu, F. (2021) · ASN NEURO · doi:10.1177/17590914211052862 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationBasics of Targeted Drug Delivery
Doshi, K. A. (2022) · Methods and principles in medicinal chemistry · doi:10.1002/9783527827855.ch1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Yin, Z., Qin, C., Wu, M., Lv, W., Zhao, X., Xiaoyin, Z., Du, G., Tian, J., Yu, X., et al. (2025) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2025.117478
Self-citation
- Authors
- Tian, J., Du, G., Ye, L., Yu, X., Zhang, J., Wang, H., Yu, P., Fu, F., Liu, W., Li, Y., Cen, X., & Guan, X.
- Affiliations
- Yantai University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Ye, Liang
- ORCID
- Venue
- Food and Chemical Toxicology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-02
- Volume
- 52
- Pages
- 143-152
- ISSN
- 0278-6915 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1993392143
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Food and Chemical Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotoxicology and immune responses
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Keywords
- rotigotine, subchronic toxicity, continuous dopaminergic stimulation, Parkinson's disease, dopamine agonists, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), sustained drug release, foreign body reaction, foreign body granuloma, hyperactivity, stereotypy, prolactin, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, no-observed-adverse-effect level, Macaca fascicularis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Atrophy, Blood Pressure, Body Temperature, Body Weight, Bone Marrow, Eating, Electrocardiography, Female, Injections, Intramuscular, Macaca fascicularis, Male, Microspheres, Mortality, Organ Size, Parkinson Disease, Polyglactin 910, Prolactin, Pulmonary Embolism, Tetrahydronaphthalenes, Thiophenes, Thymus Gland, Dopamine Agonists, Toxicity Tests, Subchronic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review