Cited by 5,469Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsNuclear Receptors and SignalingNeurological disorders and treatments

Parkinson's Disease

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Dauer, William, Przedborski, Serge·2003·Neuron

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) results primarily from the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Current PD medications treat symptoms; none halt or retard dopaminergic neuron degeneration. The main obstacle to developing neuroprotective therapies is a limited understanding of the key molecular events that provoke neurodegeneration. The discovery of PD genes has led to the hypothesis that misfolding of proteins and dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway are pivotal to PD pathogenesis. Previously implicated culprits in PD neurodegeneration, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, may also act in part by causing the accumulation of misfolded proteins, in addition to producing other deleterious events in dopaminergic neurons. Neurotoxin-based models (particularly MPTP) have been important in elucidating the molecular cascade of cell death in dopaminergic neurons. PD models based on the manipulation of PD genes should prove valuable in elucidating important aspects of the disease, such as selective vulnerability of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons to the degenerative process.

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Crossref · 10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00568-3

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  • The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is reliant on clinical motor symptoms and neuroimaging; by symptom onset, an estimated 50-70% of substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons have already been lost.

    “The diagnosis of PD is reliant on clinical motor symptoms and neuroimaging; however, by the onset of symptoms, it is estimated that 50–70% of substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons have already been lost [247, 248].”
  • Neurotoxicants such as MPTP, paraquat, rotenone and 6-OHDA are commonly used to induce experimental PD models by disrupting mitochondria and increasing oxidative stress.

    “Neurotoxicants, such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), paraquat, rotenone and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), are commonly used to induce experimental PD models by disrupting mitochondria and increasing oxidative stress [9]”
  • PD is characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and nerve terminals in the striatum.

    “PD is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the nerve terminals in the striatum (Dauer and Przedborski, 2003).”
  • Genetic factors for PD include mutations in α-syn, while mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress may also act by causing the accumulation of misfolded proteins.

    “Genetic factors include mutations in α-syn (Olanow and Tatton, 1999; Pérez and Arancibia, 2007), while mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress may also act by causing the accumulation of misfolded proteins (Dauer and Przedborski, 2003).”
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.

    “Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson′s disease (PD), a common age-associated neurodegenerative disease characterized by intraneuronal inclusions (Lewy bodies) and progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system.”

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Authors
Dauer, W., & Przedborski, S.
Affiliations
Columbia University (US)
Corresponding author
Przedborski, Serge
Venue
Neuron
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2003-09
Volume
39
Issue
6
Pages
889-909
ISSN
0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W62603772
Cited by
5,469
References
243
Citations by year
2026: 167 · 2025: 250 · 2024: 287 · 2023: 288 · 2022: 309 · 2021: 301 · 2020: 312 · 2019: 294 · 2018: 328 · 2017: 329 · 2016: 276 · 2015: 267 · 2014: 273 · 2013: 268 · 2012: 229
FWCI
13.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Neuron (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 38586, R01NS042269, R01NS038586, NS11766-27A1, P50NS038370, NS 42269, NS38370)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
Keywords
Parkinson's disease, dopaminergic neuron loss, substantia nigra, neurodegeneration, protein misfolding, ubiquitin-proteasome system, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, MPTP-induced neurotoxicity, neuroprotective therapy, disease models
MeSH terms
Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Neurons, Parkinson Disease

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