Estrogen receptor β regulates endometriotic cell survival through serum and glucocorticoid–regulated kinase activation
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the expression and biological roles of SGK1 in tissues and cells from patients with endometriosis and from healthy controls. DESIGN Case-control. SETTING University research setting. PATIENTS Premenopausal women. INTERVENTIONS Endometriotic tissues (E-Osis) were obtained from women with ovarian endometriosis and normal endometrial tissues (NoEM) were obtained from women undergoing hysterectomy for benign conditions. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Expression levels of serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase (SGK1), the role of SGK1 in E-Osis pathology, and the regulation of SGK1 by ERβ. RESULTS Transcript and protein levels of SGK1 were significantly higher in endometriotic tissues and cells compared to normal endometrium. SGK1 mRNA and protein levels were stimulated by estradiol, by the ERβ-selective agonist, diarylpropionitrile, and by prostaglandin E2. SGK1 was transcriptionally regulated by ERβ based on siRNA knockdown and chromatin immunoprecipitation of ERβ followed by quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR). SGK1 knockdown led to increased cleavage of PARP, and SGK1 activation was correlated with the phosphorylation of FOXO3a, a pro-apoptotic factor. CONCLUSIONS ERβ leads to SGK1 overexpression in endometriosis, which contributes to the survival of endometriotic lesions through inhibition of apoptosis.
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Estrogen promotes endometriotic cell survival, inflammation and lesion progression.
“This emphasizes the paramount importance of estrogen to the pathogenesis of endometriosis: estrogen promotes endometriotic cell survival, inflammation and lesion progression”
From Endometriosis and nuclear receptors (2019) · cites this paper as Monsivais et al., 2016
The Discussion reports that ERβ signaling supports endometriotic stromal-cell survival and cites evidence that ERβ gain-of-function contributes to lesion establishment and progression in mice. The Introduction says inflammation correlates with ERβ levels, but the paper does not establish that estrogen promotes inflammation. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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AURKA Enhances the Glycolysis and Development of Ovarian Endometriosis Through ERβ
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Aromatase, microRNA, and inflammation: a complex relationship
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- Authors
- Monsivais, D., Dyson, M. T., Yin, P., Navarro, A., Coon, J. S., Pavone, M. E., & Bulun, S. E.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bulun, Serdar E.
- Venue
- Fertility and Sterility
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-05
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1266-1273
- ISSN
- 0015-0282 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4853236
- OpenAlex
- W2286087213
- Semantic Scholar
- 542b4f32f69fd785c3a33bfb5598429758d9c0a9
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 8.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Fertility and Sterility (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA060553)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R25GM079300)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (T32DK007169)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (L50 HD085329, R37HD038691, R03HD082558)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments
- Keywords
- estrogen receptor beta, SGK1, endometriosis, apoptosis, FOXO3a phosphorylation, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, diarylpropionitrile, prostaglandin E2, estradiol, endometrioma, transcriptional regulation
- MeSH terms
- Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases, Cell Survival, Endometriosis, Endometrium, Enzyme Activation, Female, Humans, Biomarkers, Case-Control Studies, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Immediate-Early Proteins, Estrogen Receptor beta
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