The DOI matches its Crossref record; 67 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Phenotypes and body mass in women with polycystic ovary syndrome identified in referral versus unselected populations: systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Objective To compare the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotypes and obesity among patients detected in referral versus unselected populations.Design Systematic review and meta-analysis.Setting Not applicable.Patient(s) Thirteen thousand seven hundred ninety-six reproductive-age patients with PCOS, as defined by the extended Rotterdam 2003 criteria.Intervention(s) Review of PUBMED, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library, 2003-2016. Only observational studies were included. Data were extracted using a web-based, piloted form and combined for meta-analysis.Main outcome measure(s) PCOS phenotypes were classified as follows: phenotype A, clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism (HA) + oligo-/anovulation (OA) + polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM); phenotype B, HA+OA; phenotype C, HA+PCOM; and phenotype D, OA+PCOM.Result(s) Forty-one eligible studies, reporting on 43 populations, were identified. Pooled estimates of detected PCOS phenotype prevalence were consequently documented in referral versus unselected populations, as [1] phenotype A, 50% (95% confidence interval [CI], 46%-54%) versus 19% (95% CI, 13%-27%); [2] phenotype B, 13% (95% CI, 11%-17%) versus 25% (95% CI, 15%-37%); [3] phenotype C, 14% (95% CI, 12%-16%) versus 34% (95% CI, 25-46%); and [4] phenotype D, 17% (95% CI, 13%-22%) versus 19% (95% CI, 14%-25%). Differences between referral and unselected populations were statistically significant for phenotypes A, B, and C. Referral PCOS subjects had a greater mean body mass index (BMI) than local controls, a difference that was not apparent in unselected PCOS.Conclusion(s) The prevalence of more complete phenotypes in PCOS and mean BMI were higher in subjects identified in referral versus unselected populations, suggesting the presence of significant referral bias.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, most relevant information has been accrued through clinical studies involving adult women in which referral bias focuses on investigation of the more severe phenotypes [7].”
From Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Presentation, and Treatment With Emphasis on Adolescent Girls (2019) · cites this paper as [7]
Citations
Cites
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gotzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2700 · Cited by 17,648
(2004) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.10.004 · Cited by 9,050
The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group (2004) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deh098 · Cited by 6,138
The Prevalence and Features of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in an Unselected Population
Azziz, R., Woods, K. S., Reyna, R., Key, T. J., Knochenhauer, E. S., & Yıldız, B. O. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-032046 · Cited by 2,715
Self-citationMen at risk: occupation and male infertility.
Claman, P. (2004) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(03)01188-9 · Cited by 2,219
Azziz, R., Carmina, E., Dewailly, D., Diamanti-Kandarakis, E., Escobar-Morreale, H. F., Futterweit, W., Janssen, O. E., Legro, R. S., Norman, R. J., Taylor, A. E., et al. (2009) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.06.035 · Cited by 2,132
Self-citationLimitations of the Application of Fourfold Table Analysis to Hospital Data
Berkson, J. (1946) · Biometrics Bulletin · doi:10.2307/3002000 · Cited by 1,810
March, W. A., Moore, V. M., Willson, K. J., Phillips, D. I. W., Norman, R. J., & Davies, M. J. (2010) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dep399 · Cited by 1,799
Moran, L. J., Misso, M. L., Wild, R. A., & Norman, R. J. (2010) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmq001 · Cited by 1,108
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- National Institutes of Health. Evidence-based methodology workshop on polycystic ovary syndrome, December 3-5, 2012. Executive summary. Available at: https://prevention.nih.gov/docs/programs/pcos/FinalReport.pdf. Accessed March 1, 2016.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Azziz, R., Carmina, E., Chen, Z., Dunaif, A., Laven, J. S. E., Legro, R. S., Lizneva, D., Natterson-Horowtiz, B., Teede, H. J., & Yildiz, B. O. (2016) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.57 · Cited by 2,005
Self-citationWitchel, S. F., Oberfield, S. E., & Peña, A. S. (2019) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/js.2019-00078 · Cited by 653
Azziz, R. (2018) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000002698 · Cited by 573
Self-citationTata, B., Mimouni, N. E. H., Barbotin, A.-L., Malone, S. A., Loyens, A., Pigny, P., Dewailly, D., Catteau-Jonard, S., Sundström-Poromaa, I., Piltonen, T. T., et al. (2018) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0035-5 · Cited by 434
Insulin resistance and PCOS: chicken or egg?
Moghetti, P., & Tosi, F. (2021) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-020-01351-0 · Cited by 209
Metadata
- Authors
- Lizneva, D., Kirubakaran, R., Mykhalchenko, K., Suturina, L., Chernukha, G., Diamond, M. P., & Azziz, R.
- Affiliations
- Augusta University (US)
- Christian Medical College, Vellore (IN)
- Maimonides Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Azziz, Ricardo
- Venue
- Fertility and Sterility
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1510-1520.e2
- ISSN
- 0015-0282 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2507667443
- Cited by
- 171
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 2.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Fertility and Sterility (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS phenotypes, referral bias, body mass index, obesity, hyperandrogenism, oligoanovulation, polycystic ovary morphology, Rotterdam criteria
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Obesity, Ovulation, Phenotype, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Referral and Consultation, Selection Bias, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Observational Studies as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
