Vitamin C and carotenoids in organic and conventional fruits grown in Brazil
Open accessAbstract
This study compared the concentration of vitamin C (ascorbic acid, AA, and dehydroascorbic acid, DHA) and carotenoids (lycopene and β-carotene) between three fruits produced by organic and conventional farming. Vitamin C and carotenoids were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The Student t-test (α=5%) was applied to determine differences between the organic and conventional production systems. AA content was significantly higher in organic acerola (4023.39mg/100g) compared to its conventional production (2294.53mg/100g). Conversely, AA content was significantly higher in conventional strawberries (42.45mg/100g) than the organic ones (30.74mg/100g). The conventional production also showed significantly higher contents of DHA (persimmon: 7.50mg/100g vs. 0.96mg/100g) and β-carotene (acerola: 6130.24μg/100g vs. 2486.38μg/100g) than the organic fruits. Lycopene was only detected in persimmons, but no significant difference was observed between farming systems. There was no evidence of the nutritional superiority of the organically grown fruits.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The vitamin C content of individual plant species is highly variable due to factors including place of cultivation, harvesting time, weather conditions, latitude, genotype, agrotechnology, analytical method, and processing.
“As can be seen from Table 1, the vitamin C content of individual plant species is highly variable due to many factors, including place of cultivation, harvesting time (ripening stage), weather conditions, latitude, genotype, agrotechnology, analytical method used for determination, and processing [24,32,33,34,35].”
From Vitamin C-Sources, Physiological Role, Kinetics, Deficiency, Use, Toxicity, and Determination (2021) · cites this paper as [34]
Section 3.3 reports that vitamin C varies with cultivation factors, including soil fertility, nutrient availability and irrigation; Section 3.5 finds differences among the fruits and production systems studied. The paper does not establish the full attributed list of causes, particularly latitude, weather, harvest timing, analytical method and processing. The study held geographic region and climatic conditions constant (Section 2.2). (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Trumbo (2001) · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(01)00078-5 · Cited by 4,852 · see citing works
Preharvest and postharvest factors influencing vitamin C content of horticultural crops
Lee, S. K., & Kader, A. A. (2000) · Postharvest Biology and Technology · doi:10.1016/s0925-5214(00)00133-2 · Cited by 2,458 · see citing works
Antioxidant activities of carotenes and xanthophylls
Miller, N. J., Sampson, J., Candeias, L. P., Bramley, P. M., & Rice-Evans, C. A. (1996) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00323-7 · Cited by 1,030 · see citing works
Folate, I. P. O., & Vitamins, O. B. (1998) · Cited by 962 · see citing works
Bioactivity and protective effects of natural carotenoids
Stahl, W., & Sies, H. (2004) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.12.006 · Cited by 898 · see citing works
Overview of the Health Benefits of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption for the Dietetics Professional
Duyn, M. A. V., & Pivonka, E. (2000) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(00)00420-x · Cited by 814 · see citing works
Attitudes towards organic foods and risk/benefit perception associated with pesticides
Saba, A., & Messina, F. (2003) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/s0950-3293(02)00188-x · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Determination of vitamin C in tropical fruits: A comparative evaluation of methods
Hernández, Y. C., Lobo, M., & González, M. (2005) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.04.012 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Organic Food: Buying More Safety or Just Peace of Mind? A Critical Review of the Literature
Magkos, F., Arvaniti, F., & Zampelas, A. (2006) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408690490911846 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Olives, A. I., Hurtado, M. C., Sánchez‐Mata, M. D. C., et al. (2005) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.02.028 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Comparative evaluation of UV-HPLC methods and reducing agents to determine vitamin C in fruits
Odriozola‐Serrano, I., Hernández-Jover, T., & Martín‐Belloso, O. (2007) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.02.037 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Gross, J. (1987) · Academic Press eBooks · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Total phenolic and carotenoid contents in acerola genotypes harvested at three ripening stages
de Lima, V. L. A. G. (2004) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.04.014 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Licopeno como agente antioxidante
Shami, N. J. I. E., & Moreira, E. A. M. (2004) · Revista de Nutrição · doi:10.1590/s1415-52732004000200009 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Deutsch, J. C. (2000) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00166-7 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Carotenoid Pigment Changes in Ripening Momordica charantia Fruits*
Rodriguez, D. B., Raymundo, L. C., Lee, T.-C., Simpson, K. L., & Chichester, C. O. (1976) · Annals of Botany · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a085171 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
de Araújo, A. S. F., Santos, V. B., & Monteiro, R. T. R. (2007) · European Journal of Soil Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejsobi.2007.06.001 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Carotenoid retention and vitamin A value in carrot (Daucus carota L.) prepared by food service
Sant’Ana, H. M. P., Stringheta, P. C., Brandão, S. C. C., et al. (1998) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0308-8146(97)00084-8 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationOptimization of methodology to analyze ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acid in vegetables
Campos, F. M., Ribeiro, S. M. R., Lúcia, C. M. D., Pinheiro-Sant'Ana, H. M., & Stringheta, P. C. (2009) · Química Nova · doi:10.1590/s0100-40422009000100017 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationLatin American food sources of carotenoids.
Rodriguez–Amaya, D. B. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Preindustrial agriculture versus organic agriculture
Guzmán, G. I., & de Molina, M. G. (2008) · Land Use Policy · doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2008.07.004 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
CRITICAL-REVIEW OF PROVITAMIN A DETERMINATION IN PLANT FOODS
Rodriguez‐Amaya, D. B. (1989) · Web Science · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Ismail, A., & Cheah, S. F. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 76 · see citing works
AVALIAÇÕES FÍSICO-QUÍMICAS EM FRUTOS DE DIFERENTES GENÓTIPOS DE ACEROLA (MALPIGHIA PUNICIFOLIA L.)
Matsuura, F. C. A. U., Cardoso, R. L., Folegatti, M. I. D. S., et al. (2001) · Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura · doi:10.1590/s0100-29452001000300032 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Vitaminas: aspectos nutricionais, bioquímicos, clínicos e analíticos
Penteado, M. D. V. C. (2003) · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Organic and Conventional Grown Foodstuffs: Nutritional and Toxicological Quality Comparisons
Kumpulainen, J. T. (2001) · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Hoefkens, C., Sioen, I., Henauw, S. D., et al. (2008) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.049 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Vitamin C-Sources, Physiological Role, Kinetics, Deficiency, Use, Toxicity, and Determination
Doseděl, M., Jirkovský, E., Macáková, K., Krčmová, L., Javorská, L., Pourová, J., Mercolini, L., Remião, F., Nováková, L., Mladěnka, P., et al. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13020615 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Contribution of Organically Grown Crops to Human Health
Johansson, E., Hussain, A., Kuktaite, R., Andersson, S., & Olsson, M. (2014) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph110403870 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cardoso, P. C., Tomazini, A. P. B., Stringheta, P. C., Ribeiro, S. M. R., & Pinheiro-Sant’Ana, H. M.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (BR)
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Cardoso, Pollyanna C.
- Venue
- Food Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 126
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 411-416
- ISSN
- 0308-8146 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1999770611
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 5.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Food Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Government
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Organic Food and Agriculture
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food and Agricultural Sciences
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- vitamin C, dehydroascorbic acid, carotenoids, lycopene, beta-carotene, organic farming, conventional farming, acerola, strawberry, persimmon, fruit nutritional quality, Brazil
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
