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Characterization of the key nonvolatile metabolites in Cheddar cheese by partial least squares regression (PLSR), reconstitution, and omission
Abstract
Cheddar cheese was desirable by consumers worldwide due to its characteristic taste and aroma, but limited information was available about taste contributors. Therefore, sensory profiles of natural Cheddar cheeses were investigated by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA). Umami, salty, and brothy attributes were the principal differential attributes. Nonvolatile metabolites were analyzed to decipher their taste contributions, of which free amino acids (FAAs) and organic acids recorded the most considerable differences. The key taste compounds were identified by partial least squares regression (PLSR), reconstitution, and omission tests. NaCl and glutamic acid (Glu) were the primary contributors of salty and umami tastes, respectively. Sourness was synergistically affected by organic acids and Glu. Despite their limited taste impacts, the remaining amino acids intensified sourness and saltiness when mixed with Glu. Organic acids (especially in combination) and NaCl exhibited significant taste enhancements. These results provided deep insight into crucial nonvolatile metabolites promoting Cheddar cheese tastes.
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Free amino acids are key precursors for flavor compounds and directly influence cheese taste profiles by contributing umami, bitter, and sweet characteristics.
“Free amino acids, key precursors for flavor compounds, directly influence cheese taste profiles by contributing umami, bitter, and sweet characteristics (Xiang et al., 2023).”
From Impact of lactic acid bacteria coculture on the quality characteristics of goat cheese during ripening (2025) · cites this paper as Xiang et al., 2023
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Metadata
- Authors
- Xiang, Q., Xia, Y., Song, J., Nazmus Saqib, M., & Zhong, F.
- Affiliations
- Jiangnan University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhong, Fang
- Venue
- Food Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-03
- Volume
- 403
- Pages
- 134034
- ISSN
- 0308-8146 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4293386761
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9
- FWCI
- 4.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Food Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
- Keywords
- Cheddar cheese, non-volatile metabolites, cheese taste, umami, salty taste, sour taste, free amino acids, organic acids, glutamate, sodium chloride, sensory profile
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acids, Cheese, Sodium Chloride, Taste, Least-Squares Analysis, Glutamic Acid
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