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An air-assisted dispersive liquid phase microextraction method based on a hydrophobic magnetic deep eutectic solvent for the extraction and preconcentration of melamine from milk and milk-based products
Abstract
In the current research, a fast and sustainable air-assisted hydrophobic magnetic deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid phase microextraction followed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry measurements was optimized for the extraction and determination of melamine in milk and milk-based products. The central composite design was applied for the optimization of factors affecting the recovery of melamine. Quantitative extraction of melamine was achieved using hydrophobic magnetic deep eutectic solvents prepared from a mixture of octanoic acid, aliquat-336, and cobalt(II) chloride. The optimum conditions for extraction were found as follows: 6 extraction cycles, pH 8.2, extraction solvent volume 260 µL, and acetone volume 125 µL.Interestingly, a centrifugation step was not required to achieve phase separation. Under the optimum conditions, melamine was determined in the linear range of 3-600 ng mL-1, the limit of detection (3S blank/m) of 0.9 ng mL-1, and the enrichment factor of 144. The validation of the method was investigated by the analysis of reference materials. Consequently, the method was successfully applied for the analysis of melamine residues in milk and milk-based products.
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Air-assisted DLLME removes the requirement for disperser solvents by using repeated aspiration and injection cycles to form the extraction dispersion.
“In contrast, air-assisted DLLME removes the requirement for disperser solvents by using repeated aspiration and injection cycles to form the extraction dispersion [50,70,82].”
From Eco-Friendly Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Extraction Technologies: A Comprehensive Review of Principles, Applications, and Comparative Insights (2026) · cites this paper as [70]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Elik, A., Fesliyan, S., Gürsoy, N., Haq, H. U., Castro-Muñoz, R., & Altunay, N.
- Affiliations
- Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi (TR)
- Gdańsk University of Technology (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Altunay, Nail
- Venue
- Food Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-11
- Volume
- 426
- Pages
- 136573
- ISSN
- 0308-8146 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4380363404
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 5
- FWCI
- 7.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Food Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Melamine detection and toxicity
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
- Keywords
- melamine, milk, dairy products, deep eutectic solvents, melamine residues, food contaminant analysis, octanoic acid, Aliquat 336, cobalt chloride, preconcentration
- MeSH terms
- Deep Eutectic Solvents, Animals, Milk, Solvents, Triazines, Limit of Detection, Liquid Phase Microextraction, Magnetic Phenomena
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