Impact of high-pressure homogenization on physico-chemical, structural, and rheological properties of quinoa protein isolates

Overall, submicron particles and microgels are usually the more robust route for Pickering, HIPEs and emulsion-gel structuring, while nanoparticles are preferable to fine emulsions with rapid adsorption.

“Overall, submicron particles and microgels are usually the more robust route for Pickering, HIPEs and emulsion-gel structuring, while nanoparticles are preferable to fine emulsions with rapid adsorption (Zhang et al., 2026; Luo et al., 2022).”

Moderate unfolding and reduced aggregation are often associated with higher solubility and better interfacial adsorption.

“Moderate unfolding and reduced aggregation are often associated with higher solubility and better interfacial adsorption”

High-pressure homogenization reduced the particle size of quinoa protein isolate, improved solubility, enhanced emulsifying and foaming properties, accelerated surface/interfacial tension reduction, and strengthened heat-induced gels, under a specific extraction route, protein concentration, pressure range, and pH condition.

“high-pressure homogenization reduced the particle size of quinoa protein isolate, improved solubility, enhanced emulsifying and foaming properties, accelerated surface/interfacial tension reduction, and strengthened heat-induced gels, but these outcomes were generated under a specific extraction route, protein concentration, pressure range, and pH condition (Luo et al., 2022).”

Reported data differ substantially in extraction route, pH trajectory, protein purity, fraction composition, co-component retention, processing intensity, and analytical endpoints, which makes direct pooling of values unreliable.

“Reported data differ substantially in extraction route, pH tra­ jectory, protein purity, fraction composition, co-component retention, processing intensity, and analytical endpoints, which makes direct pooling of values unreliable (Liu et al., 2023; Luo et al., 2022; Yan & Zhu, 2025).”

Water extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and homogenization show that extraction route affects yield, purity, co-component retention, particle state, and functionality.

“Water extraction, ultrasound- assisted extraction, and homogenization show that extraction route affects yield, purity, co-component retention, particle state, and”

High-pressure homogenization increases the flexibility and surface exposure of quinoa protein molecules without markedly changing their SDS-PAGE profiles, suggesting that physical restructuring can improve functionality mainly by modifying colloidal and conformational states rather than by changing primary protein composition.

“High-pressure homogenization also increases the flexibility and surface exposure of quinoa protein molecules without markedly changing their SDS-PAGE profiles, suggesting that physical restructuring can improve functionality mainly by modifying colloidal and conformational states rather than by changing primary protein composition (Luo et al., 2022).”

Lack of harmonized datasets for ML across amaranth, buckwheat, and quinoa protein studies is the main limitation, not absence of modelling algorithms.

“At present, the main limita­ tion is not the absence of modelling algorithms, but the lack of harmo­ nized datasets for ML across amaranth, buckwheat, and quinoa protein studies.”