Oxidation of glutathione and cysteine in human plasma associated with smoking
Abstract
Cigarette smoking contributes to the development or progression of numerous chronic and age-related disease processes, but detailed mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, we examined the redox states of the GSH/GSSG and Cys/CySS couples in plasma of smokers and nonsmokers between the ages of 44 and 85 years (n = 78 nonsmokers, n = 43 smokers). The Cys/CySS redox in smokers (-64 +/- 16 mV) was more oxidized than nonsmokers (- 76 +/- 11 mV; p <.001), with decreased Cys in smokers (9 +/- 5 microM) compared to nonsmokers (13 +/- 6 microM; p <.001). The GSH/GSSG redox was also more oxidized in smokers (-128 +/- 18 mV) than in nonsmokers (-137 +/- 17 mV; p =.01) and GSH was lower in smokers (1.8 +/- 1.3 microM) than in nonsmokers (2.4 +/- 1.0; p <.005). Although the oxidation of GSH/GSSG can be explained by the role of GSH in detoxification of reactive species in smoke, the more extensive oxidation of the Cys pool shows that smoking has additional effects on sulfur amino acid metabolism. Cys availability and Cys/CySS redox are known to affect cell proliferation, immune function, and expression of death receptor systems for apoptosis, suggesting that oxidation of Cys/CySS redox or other perturbations of cysteine metabolism may have a key role in chronic diseases associated with cigarette smoking.
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The Cys/CySS ratio tends to become more oxidized with aging, smoking, diabetes, and obesity.
“The Cys/CySS ratio tends to become even more oxidized with aging, smoking, diabetes, and obesity (198, 302).”
From Redox regulation of mitochondrial function (2012) · cites this paper as [302]
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- Authors
- Moriarty, S. E., Shah, J. H., Lynn, M., Jiang, S., Openo, K., Jones, D. P., & Sternberg, P.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jones, Dean P
- Venue
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1582-1588
- ISSN
- 0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2135620412
- Cited by
- 193
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 4.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Foundation Fighting Blindness
- Research to Prevent Blindness
- Emory University
- National Institutes of Health
- National Eye Institute (EY11195, EY07892, EY0 6360, P30EY006360)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Sulfur Compounds in Biology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Keywords
- cigarette smoking, glutathione, glutathione disulfide, cysteine, cystine, oxidative stress, sulfur amino acid metabolism, oxidative detoxification, aging, chronic disease
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cysteine, Female, Glutathione, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oxidation-Reduction, Smoking, Case-Control Studies
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