Cited by 93Exercise and Physiological ResponsesMitochondrial Function and PathologyCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Upregulation of uncoupling protein-3 in skeletal muscle during exercise: a potential antioxidant function

Jiang, Ning, Zhang, Guizhong, Bo, Hai, Qu, Jinting, Ma, Guodong, Cao, Dongning, Wen, Li, Liu, Shusen +2 more·2009·Free Radical Biology and Medicine

Abstract

Uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3) expression has been shown to increase dramatically in response to muscular contraction, but the physiological significance of UCP3 upregulation is still elusive. In this study, UCP3 mRNA and protein expression were investigated along with mitochondrial respiratory function, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and antioxidant defense in rat skeletal muscle during and after an acute bout of prolonged exercise. UCP3 mRNA expression was elevated sharply at 45 min of exercise, reaching 7- to 8-fold above resting level at 150 min. The increase in UCP3 protein content showed a latent response but was elevated approximately 1.9-fold at 120 min of exercise. Both UCP3 mRNA and UCP3 protein gradually returned to resting levels 24 h postexercise. Mitochondrial ROS production was progressively increased during exercise. However, ROS showed a dramatic drop at 150 min although their levels remained severalfold higher during the recovery. Mitochondrial State 4 respiration rate was increased by 46 and 58% (p < 0.05) at 90 and 120 min, respectively, but returned to resting rate at 150 min, when State 3 respiration and respiratory control index (RCI) were suppressed. ADP-to-oxygen consumption (P/O) ratio and ATP synthase activity were lowered at 3 h postexercise, whereas proton motive force and mitochondrial malondialdehyde content were unchanged. Manganese superoxide dismutase gene expression was not affected by exercise except for an increase in mRNA abundance at 3 h postexercise. These data demonstrate that UCP3 expression in rat skeletal muscle can be rapidly upregulated during prolonged exercise, possibly owing to increased ROS generation. Increased UCP3 may partially alleviate the proton gradient across the inner membrane, thereby reducing further ROS production by the electron transport chain. However, prolonged exercise caused a decrease in energy coupling efficiency in muscle mitochondria revealed by an increased respiration rate due to proton leak (State 4/State 3 ratio) and decreased RCI. We thus propose that the compromise of the oxidative phosphorylation efficiency due to UCP3 upregulation may serve an antioxidant function to protect the muscle mitochondria from exercise-induced oxidative stress

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.09.026

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Authors
Jiang, N., Zhang, G., Bo, H., Qu, J., Ma, G., Cao, D., Wen, L., Liu, S., Ji, L. L., & Zhang, Y.
Affiliations
  • Tianjin University of Sport (CN)
  • Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
  • University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
Corresponding author
  • Ji, Li Li
  • Zhang, Yong
Venue
Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-01
Volume
46
Issue
2
Pages
138-145
ISSN
0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2022049302
Cited by
93
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 5
FWCI
7.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
UCP3, skeletal muscle, prolonged exercise, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial respiration, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, manganese superoxide dismutase, proton leak, respiratory control index, oxidative phosphorylation efficiency, ATP synthase, post-exercise recovery
MeSH terms
Uncoupling Protein 3, Animals, Antioxidants, Enzyme Induction, Ion Channels, Male, Mitochondria, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Superoxide Dismutase, Up-Regulation, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Oxidative Stress, Muscle, Skeletal, Cell Respiration, Mitochondrial Proteins, Feedback, Physiological, Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins, Rats

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