Inhibition of Hydrogen peroxide signaling by 4-hydroxynonenal due to differential regulation of Akt1 and Akt2 contributes to decreases in cell survival and proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
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Dysregulation of cell signaling by electrophiles such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is a key component in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory liver disease. Another consequence of inflammation is the perpetuation of oxidative damage by the production of reactive oxidative species such as hydrogen peroxide. Previously, we have demonstrated Akt2 as a direct target of 4-HNE in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In the present study, we used the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 as model to understand the combinatorial effects of 4-HNE and hydrogen peroxide. We demonstrate that 4-HNE inhibits hydrogen peroxide-mediated phosphorylation of Akt1 but not Akt2. Pretreatment of HepG2 cells with 4-HNE prevented hydrogen peroxide stimulation of Akt-dependent phosphorylation of downstream targets and intracellular Akt activity compared with untreated control cells. Using biotin hydrazide capture, it was confirmed that 4-HNE treatment resulted in carbonylation of Akt1, which was not observed in untreated control cells. Using a synthetic GSK3α/β peptide as a substrate, treatment of recombinant human myristoylated Akt1 (rAkt1) with 20 or 40 μΜ 4-HNE inhibited rAkt1 activity by 29 and 60%, respectively. We further demonstrate that 4-HNE activates Erk via a PI3 kinase and PP2A-dependent mechanism leading to increased Jnk phosphorylation. At higher concentrations, 4-HNE decreased both cell survival and proliferation as evidenced by MTT assays and EdU incorporation as well as decreased expression of cyclin D1 and β-catenin, an effect only moderately increased by the addition of hydrogen peroxide. The ability of 4-HNE to exert combinatorial effects on Erk, Jnk, and Akt-dependent cell survival pathways provides additional insight into the mechanisms of cellular damage associated with chronic inflammation.
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After ethanol intake, AA, MDA, and 4-HNE adducts are produced rapidly in the hepatic centrilobular zone, sinusoids, and HSCs as well as on the hepatocyte surface; their amounts are markedly elevated in the early phase of ALD, suggesting a role in initial development and progression of ALD.
“After ethanol intake, AA, MDA, and 4-HNE adducts are produced rapidly in the hepatic centrilobular zone (zone III), sinusoids, and HSCs as well as on the hepatocyte surface in the liver.”
From Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and other adducts in aging-related diseases and alcohol-mediated tissue injury (2021) · cites this paper as [219]
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Tang, Z., Wang, T., & Liu, C. (2024) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.202402062 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Xiao, H., Wang, B., Xiong, S., Li, C., Ding, Y., Chao, D., Mei, B., Shen, N., & Luo, G. (2025) · Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma · doi:10.2147/jhc.s495151 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Alox8 knockout exacerbates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation
Palmer, M. A., Kirchhoff, R., Hahnefeld, L., Thomas, D., Elewa, M. A. F., You, X., Aliraj, B., Benatzy, Y., Weigert, A., Schebb, N. H., et al. (2026) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-026-08727-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Li, X., He, X., Huang, Z., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Gao, Y., Li, Q., & Yu, X. (2026) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/1541-4337.70483 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Targeting redox regulatory site of protein kinase B impedes neutrophilic inflammation in lung injuryPreprint
Chen, P.-J., Ko, I.-L., Lee, C.-L., Hu, H.-C., Chang, F.-R., Wu, Y.-C., Leu, Y.-L., Wu, C.-C., Lin, C.-Y., Pan, C.-Y., et al. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/264184
Peeking into a Hidden Syndicate: Mitochondria of the Human Amniotic Membrane
Weidinger, A., & Banerjee, A. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-37076-7_64-1
- Authors
- Shearn, C. T., Reigan, P., & Petersen, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Denver (US)
- Corresponding author
- Petersen, Dennis R.
- Venue
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-07
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-11
- ISSN
- 0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3377776
- OpenAlex
- W2012388221
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 1.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Cancer Center, University of Colorado
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA009300, F32AA018613, R37AA009300)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK074487)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cancer and biochemical research
- Keywords
- 4-hydroxynonenal, hydrogen peroxide signaling, AKT1, AKT2, protein carbonylation, hepatocellular carcinoma, HepG2 cells, ERK activation, JNK phosphorylation, PI3-kinase, protein phosphatase 2A, cyclin D1, β-catenin, cell survival, cell proliferation, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, electrophiles
- MeSH terms
- Aldehydes, Cell Survival, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Humans, Hydrogen Peroxide, Liver Neoplasms, Phosphorylation, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Blotting, Western, Signal Transduction, Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors, Oxidants, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Cell Proliferation, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
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