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Effects of ionizing radiation on mitochondria
Abstract
The current concept of radiobiology posits that damage to the DNA in the cell nucleus is the primary cause for the detrimental effects of radiation. However, emerging experimental evidence suggests that this theoretical framework is insufficient for describing extranuclear radiation effects, particularly the response of the mitochondria, an important site of extranuclear, coding DNA. Here, we discuss experimental observations of the effects of ionizing radiation on the mitochondria at (1) the DNA and (2) functional levels. The roles of mitochondria in (3) oxidative stress and (4) late radiation effects are discussed. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of targets for ionizing radiation outside the cell nucleus. Available experimental data suggest that an increase in the tumoricidal efficacy of radiation therapy might be achievable by targeting mitochondria. Likewise, more specific protection of mitochondria and its coding DNA should reduce damage to healthy cells exposed to ionizing radiation.
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“The cell membrane and mitochondria can also be damaged by radiation, and such damage can induce apoptosis ( 17 , 18 ).”
From Normal-Tissue Tolerance to Radiopharmaceutical Therapies, the Knowns and the Unknowns (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kam, W. W.-Y., & Banati, R. B.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Kam, Winnie Wai-Ying
- ORCID
- Banati, Richard B.
- Venue
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-12
- Volume
- 65
- Pages
- 607-619
- ISSN
- 0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1993906477
- Cited by
- 386
- References
- 178
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 2.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Institutional Repository (The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Keywords
- ionizing radiation, mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA, oxidative stress, late radiation effects, radiotherapy, radiation protection, mitochondrial function
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Mitochondria, Radiation, Ionizing, Oxidative Stress
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