Cited by 53Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesTraumatic Brain Injury ResearchRedox biology and oxidative stress

Protein carbonylation after traumatic brain injury: cell specificity, regional susceptibility, and gender differences

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Lazarus, Rachel C., Buonora, John E., Jacobowitz, David M., Mueller, Gregory P.·2015·Free Radical Biology and Medicine

Abstract

Protein carbonylation is a well-documented and quantifiable consequence of oxidative stress in several neuropathologies, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer׳s disease, and Parkinson׳s disease. Although oxidative stress is a hallmark of traumatic brain injury (TBI), little work has explored the specific neural regions and cell types in which protein carbonylation occurs. Furthermore, the effect of gender on protein carbonylation after TBI has not been studied. The present investigation was designed to determine the regional and cell specificity of TBI-induced protein carbonylation and how this response to injury is affected by gender. Immunohistochemistry was used to visualize protein carbonylation in the brains of adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI) as an injury model of TBI. Cell-specific markers were used to colocalize the presence of carbonylated proteins in specific cell types, including astrocytes, neurons, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Results also indicated that the injury lesion site, ventral portion of the dorsal third ventricle, and ventricular lining above the median eminence showed dramatic increases in protein carbonylation after injury. Specifically, astrocytes and limited regions of ependymal cells adjacent to the dorsal third ventricle and the median eminence were most susceptible to postinjury protein carbonylation. However, these patterns of differential susceptibility to protein carbonylation were gender dependent, with males showing significantly greater protein carbonylation at sites distant from the lesion. Proteomic analyses were also conducted and determined that the proteins most affected by carbonylation in response to TBI include glial fibrillary acidic protein, dihydropyrimidase-related protein 2, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C, and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A. Many other proteins, however, were not carbonylated by CCI. These findings indicate that there is both regional and protein specificity in protein carbonylation after TBI. The marked increase in carbonylation seen in ependymal layers distant from the lesion suggests a mechanism involving the transmission of a cerebral spinal fluid-borne factor to these sites. Furthermore, this process is affected by gender, suggesting that hormonal mechanisms may serve a protective role against oxidative stress.

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Authors
Lazarus, R. C., Buonora, J. E., Jacobowitz, D. M., & Mueller, G. P.
Affiliations
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (US)
Corresponding author
Mueller, Gregory P.
Venue
Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-01
Volume
78
Pages
89-100
ISSN
0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2066093115
Cited by
53
References
63
Citations by year
2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 4
FWCI
4.78
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (R07028414, T0702554)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
Keywords
protein carbonylation, traumatic brain injury, oxidative stress, gender differences, controlled cortical impact, astrocytes, ependymal cells, median eminence, cell specificity, glial fibrillary acidic protein, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, cerebrospinal fluid
MeSH terms
Animals, Astrocytes, Brain Injuries, Cells, Cultured, Ependyma, Female, Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Male, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neurons, Sex Characteristics, Blotting, Western, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Microglia, Oxidative Stress, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Proteomics, Protein Carbonylation, Rats

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