Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate liver fibrosis by inhibiting hepatocyte ferroptosis through mitochondrial transfer
Open accessAbstract
Liver fibrosis is a reversible dynamic pathological process induced by chronic liver injury. Without intervention, liver fibrosis can progress to become cirrhosis, liver failure, or hepatocellular carcinoma, thus posing a high global health burden. Therefore, effective therapies for liver fibrosis are urgently required. Although transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has significant value as a treatment strategy for liver damage, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Chronic liver injury progression is significantly influenced by hepatocyte ferroptosis, and targeting ferroptosis is emerging as a potential treatment strategy for liver fibrosis. Here, we showed that the infusion of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs) alleviated TAA-induced liver fibrosis, improved liver functionality, and decreased ferroptosis in mice. hUC-MSCs inhibit ferroptosis-related mitochondrial damage and lipid peroxidation in AML12 cells in vitro . Mechanistically, under oxidative stress, hUC-MSCs transfer healthy mitochondria to damaged hepatocytes through tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). Cytochalasin D (CytoD), an inhibitor of TNT formation, abrogated the protective effects of hUC-MSCs against ferroptosis. This research emphasizes the ability of hUC-MSCs to serve as a promising treatment for liver fibrosis via mitochondrial transfer through TNTs. The graphical abstract illustrates that ferroptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes play a critical role in the development of liver fibrosis. Furthermore, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to transfer mitochondria through tunneling nanotubes, restoring mitochondrial homeostasis in hepatocytes, alleviating ferroptosis, and thereby inhibiting the progression of liver fibrosis. • Ferroptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes are crucial inliver fibrosis. • MSCs transfer mitochondria via tunneling nanotubes, alleviating hepatocytes ferroptosis, and thereby inhibiting liver fibrosis. • The transferred mitochondria restore hepatocytes ferroptosis by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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In a TAA-induced murine model, MSCs alleviate lipid load by transferring mitochondria to ferroptosis hepatocytes via tunneling nanotubes, which enhances oxidative capacity for lipid degradation and utilization, eventually leading to attenuated fibrosis.
“In a TAA-induced murine model, MSCs were observed to alleviate lipid load by transferring Mt to ferroptosis hepatocytes via TNTs, which enhances oxidative capacity for lipid degradation and utilization, eventually leading to attenuated fibrosis [120].”
From Mechanisms, efficacy, and future perspectives of cellular-based therapies for liver fibrosis/cirrhosis: focusing on mesenchymal stromal cells (2025) · cites this paper as [120]
An increasing number of studies support the use of MSCs to treat liver fibrosis by transferring mitochondria.
“An increasing number of studies nowadays support the use of MSCs to treat liver fibrosis by transferring Mt [117, 120, 121].”
From Mechanisms, efficacy, and future perspectives of cellular-based therapies for liver fibrosis/cirrhosis: focusing on mesenchymal stromal cells (2025) · cites this paper as [120]
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- Authors
- Xiong, Z., Chen, P., Wang, Z., Yao, L., Yuan, M., Liu, P., Sun, M., Shu, K., & Jiang, Y.
- Affiliations
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (CN)
- Wuhan Union Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Jiang, Yingan
- Venue
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2025-04
- Volume
- 231
- Pages
- 163-177
- ISSN
- 0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4408027369
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8
- FWCI
- 9.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
- Wuhan University (2002330)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
- Keywords
- liver fibrosis, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, ferroptosis, hepatocytes, mitochondrial transfer, tunneling nanotubes, Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis, stem cell transplantation
- MeSH terms
- Ferroptosis, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mitochondria, Thioacetamide, Umbilical Cord, Lipid Peroxidation, Oxidative Stress, Hepatocytes, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation, Mice, Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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