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Thermochemical biofuel production in hydrothermal media: A review of sub- and supercritical water technologies

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Development of a low-cost cultivation medium for simultaneous production of biodiesel and bio-crude from the chlorophycean microalga Tetradesmus obliquus: A renewable energy prospective

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Research progress on influencing factors on compost maturity and cyanobacteria toxin degradation during aerobic cyanobacteria composting: a review

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In-situ catalytic hydro-liquefaction of Delonix regia lignocellulosic biomass waste in hydrogen-donor solvent

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Bio-oil Production from Algae via Thermochemical Catalytic Liquefaction

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Electrochemical oxidation of nitrogen-rich post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater

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Scale-Up Cultivation of Phaeodactylum tricornutum to Produce Biocrude by Hydrothermal Liquefaction

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Reactions with CO/H2O of Two Marine Algae and Comparison with Reactions under H2 and N2

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Two-step thermal conversion of oleaginous microalgae into renewable hydrocarbons

Espinosa-Gonzalez, I., Asomaning, J., Mussone, P. G., & Bressler, D. C. (2014) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.080 · Cited by 16

Energy From Biomass

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Efficient thermochemical liquefaction of microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis for production of high quality biocrude with high selectivity over Fe/montmorillonite catalyst

Hong, W., Chen, J., Ding, Q., Gao, Y., Ye, L., Yin, Y., & Tu, S. (2021) · Journal of the Energy Institute · doi:10.1016/j.joei.2021.04.004 · Cited by 16

Production of Nitrogen‐Containing Compounds via the Conversion of Natural Microalgae from Water Blooms Catalyzed by ZrO2

Liu, L., Zhou, Y., Guo, L., Li, G., & Hu, C. (2021) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.202101162 · Cited by 16

Systematic characterization of biocrude and aqueous phase from hydrothermal carbonization of algal biomass

Jabeen, S., Gao, X., Hayashi, J., Altarawneh, M., & Dlugogorski, B. Z. (2022) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2022.107953 · Cited by 17

Effect of transition metals and homogeneous hydrogen producers in the hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge

Prestigiacomo, C., Zimmermann, J., Hornung, U., Raffelt, K., Dahmen, N., Scialdone, O., & Galia, A. (2022) · Fuel Processing Technology · doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2022.107452 · Cited by 17

Conversion of Cornstalk to Bio-oil in Hot-Compressed Water: Effects of Ultrasonic Pretreatment on the Yield and Chemical Composition of Bio-oil, Carbon Balance, and Energy Recovery

Shi, W., Gao, Y., Yang, G., & Zhao, Y. (2013) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf401975p · Cited by 16

Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Microalgae for Bio-oil Production over Silylated SBA-15 with High Hydrothermal Stability

Lin, Q., Wu, K., Chen, Y., Tang, Y., Wu, Y., & Yang, M. (2017) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03746 · Cited by 16

Thermochemical Conversion: Bio-Oil and Syngas Production

Devi, G. K., Chozhavendhan, S., & Bharathiraja, B. (2019) · Biofuel and biorefinery technologies · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-14463-0_9 · Cited by 16

Algal biomass based bio-refineries: Concurrent pre-treatment strategies and perspectives for sustainable feedstock

Shashikumar, U., Ranjan, K. R., Sharma, A., Naina, Subramanian, B., Tsai, P., Lin, Y., Lay, C., Wang, C., Biswas, S., et al. (2024) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107278 · Cited by 15

Red mud as hydrogen producer in hydrothermal liquefaction of pinewood: Minimization of process wastes by recycling the water and hydrochar phases

Damizia, M., Bracciale, M. P., Mousavi, S., Tai, L., Filippis, P. D., & de Caprariis, B. (2024) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2024.121139 · Cited by 15

Combustion characteristics and kinetics of five tropic oilgal strains using thermogravimetric analysis

Zhao, Z., Liu, P., Wang, S., Ma, S., & Cao, J. H. (2017) · Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry · doi:10.1007/s10973-017-6646-0 · Cited by 15

The individual and synergistic impacts of feedstock characteristics and reaction conditions on the aqueous co-product from hydrothermal liquefaction

Hietala, D. C., Godwin, C. M., Cardinale, B. J., & Savage, P. E. (2019) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2019.101568 · Cited by 16

Improvement of Bio‐crude Oil Yield and Phosphorus Content by Hydrothermal Liquefaction Using Microalgae

Yang, C., Lee, C., & Won, J. (2017) · Chemical Engineering & Technology · doi:10.1002/ceat.201700148 · Cited by 15

Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification

Khelifa, A., Aoudj, S., Moulay, S., & WÉRY, M. (2013) · Cited by 15

Catalytic hydrothermal conversion of algal residue to bio-bitumen

Velandia, L. C. C., Fontaine, A. E., Loquet, D., Checa, R., Lorentz, C., Bujoli, B., Guilhaume, N., Geantet, C., Chailleux, E., Queffélec, C., et al. (2021) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129024 · Cited by 16

Roadmap for Deployment of Modularized Hydrothermal Liquefaction: Understanding the Impacts of Industry Learning, Optimal Plant Scale, and Delivery Costs on Biofuel Pricing

Shahabuddin, M., Italiani, E., Teixeira, A. R., Kazantzis, N., & Timko, M. T. (2022) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c05982 · Cited by 14

Concise Review on Lignocellulolytic Microbial Consortia for Lignocellulosic Waste Biomass Utilization: A Way Forward?

Das, S., Rudra, S., Khatun, I., Sinha, N., Sen, M., & Ghosh, D. (2023) · Microbiology · doi:10.1134/s0026261722601282 · Cited by 14

Storage stability of biocrude oil fractional distillates derived from the hydrothermal liquefaction of food waste

Si, B., Watson, J., Wang, Z., Wang, T., Triana, J. S. A., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2023.119669 · Cited by 15

Sub-Supercritical Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Lignocellulose and Protein-Containing Biomass

Shah, A. A., Sharma, K., Seehar, T. H., Toor, S. S., Sandquist, J., Saanum, I., & Pedersen, T. H. (2024) · Fuels · doi:10.3390/fuels5010005 · Cited by 14

Catalytic effects of ferric chloride and sodium hydroxide on supercritical liquefaction of thistle (Cirsium yildizianum)

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Production of bio-diesel from macro-algae of the Orbetello lagoon by various extraction methods

Borghini, F., Lucattini, L., Focardi, S., Focardi, S. E., & Bastianoni, S. (2013) · International Journal of Sustainable Energy · doi:10.1080/14786451.2013.777336 · Cited by 14

Hydrothermal liquefaction of demineralized wastewater algal biomass

Carpio, R. B., Kuo, C.-T., de Leon, R., Schideman, L. C., & Zhang, Y. (2018) · International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy · doi:10.12720/sgce.7.1.13-23 · Cited by 14

Fast Procedure for the Analysis of Hydrothermal Liquefaction Biocrude with Stepwise Py-GC-MS and Data Interpretation Assisted by Means of Non-negative Matrix Factorization

Torri, C., Barreiro, D. L., Conti, R., Fabbri, D., & Brilman, D. W. F. (2016) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02688 · Cited by 13

ALGLIQOL: A two stage integrated process towards synthesis of renewable transportation fuel via catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of lipid enriched microalgae biomass and distillation

Goswami, G., Kumar, R., Sinha, A., Birazee, B., Dutta, B. C., Bhutani, S., & Das, D. (2022) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115696 · Cited by 13

Comparative studies on catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of mixed household waste into bio crude

Mahadevan, V., Kumar, K. S., & Gopinath, K. P. (2023) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-023-04489-y · Cited by 13

Hydrothermal liquefaction of composite household waste to biocrude: the effect of liquefaction solvents on product yield and quality

Mahadevan, V., Kannaiyan, S., & Gopinath, K. P. (2024) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-024-33880-z · Cited by 13

Advanced Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass for Bio-Oil Production

Biswas, B., Kumar, J., & Bhaskar, T. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816856-1.00010-5 · Cited by 14

Hydrothermal conversion of microalgae and its waste residue after biofuel extraction to acetic acid with CuO as solid oxidant

Zhong, H., Ma, L., Zhu, Y., Jin, B., Wang, T., Wang, Y., & Jin, F. (2019) · The Journal of Supercritical Fluids · doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2019.104717 · Cited by 13

Experimental studies of hydrothermal liquefaction of kitchen waste with H + , OH − and Fe 3+ additives for bio-oil upgrading

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Comprehensive Multiphase NMRA Powerful Tool to Understand and Monitor Molecular Processes during Biofuel Production

Ning, P., Lane, D. J., Soong, R., Schmidig, D., Frei, T., Castro, P. D., Kovacevic, I., Graf, S., Wegner, S., Busse, F., et al. (2020) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c07205 · Cited by 16

Effect of Accumulative Recycling of Aqueous Phase on the Properties of Hydrothermal Degradation of Dry Biomass and Bio-Crude Oil Formation

Yin, S., Zhang, N., Tian, C., Yi, W., Yuan, Q., Fu, P., Zhang, Y., & Li, Z. (2021) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en14020285 · Cited by 14

Towards sustainable catalysts in hydrodeoxygenation of algae-derived oils: A critical review

Galadima, A., Masudi, A., & Muraza, O. (2022) · Molecular Catalysis · doi:10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112131 · Cited by 13

Bio-crude and biochar production and properties from corn stover at low energy-intensive hydrothermal liquefaction

Bravo, I. N., Escamilla‐Alvarado, C., Cano‐Gómez, J. J., Valencia, R., Galván‐Arzola, U., & Cuevas, R. (2024) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-024-05977-5 · Cited by 12

Hydrothermal liquefaction of laboratory cultivated and commercial algal biomass into crude bio‐oil

Liang, S., Wei, L., Passero, M. L., Feris, K. P., & McDonald, A. G. (2017) · Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy · doi:10.1002/ep.12629 · Cited by 12

Biomass to bioenergy research: current and future trends for biofuels

Bonatto, C., Camargo, A. F., Scapini, T., Stefanski, F. S., Júnior, S. L. A., Müller, C., Fongaro, G., & Treichel, H. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819597-0.00001-5 · Cited by 12

Advanced Technologies (Biological and Thermochemical) for Waste-to-Energy Conversion

Nazari, L., Xu, C. C., & Ray, M. B. (2021) · Green chemistry and sustainable technology · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-9267-6_3 · Cited by 12

Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of empty fruit bunch in subcritical water over bimetallic modified zeolite

Suziana, N. M. N., Asikin-Mijan, N., Zulkarnain, Z., & Taufiq‐Yap, Y. H. (2021) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2021.10.005 · Cited by 13

Application of biochar for minewater remediation: Effect of scaling up production on performance under laboratory and field conditions

James, A., Perkins, W. T., Sian, J., Hammond, D., & Hodgson, E. (2022) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127439 · Cited by 12

Enhancing the Biodiesel Production Potential of Synechococcus elongatus and Anabaena Cyanobacterial Strain Isolated from Saline Water Using Different Media Composition and Organic Carbon Sources

Parthiban, J., & Jambulingam, R. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15010870 · Cited by 13

Effect of reaction conditions and biosolids’ content on the produced renewable crude oil via hydrothermal liquefaction

Al-juboori, J. M., Obeid, R., Lewis, D. M., Hall, T., & van Eyk, P. J. (2023) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2023.06.018 · Cited by 11

Effects of Lipids and Type of Amino Acid in Protein in Microalgae on Nitrogen Reaction Pathways during Hydrothermal Liquefaction

Bao, T., Zhu, J., Zhang, N., & Shao, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241914967 · Cited by 10

Lignin depolymerization using nickel-based catalysts: A mini review

Idrus, A., Dwiatmoko, A. A., & Maryati, Y. (2025) · Inorganic Chemistry Communications · doi:10.1016/j.inoche.2025.113901 · Cited by 11

Energy and exergy analysis of a supercritical water gasification system for the simultaneous production of hydrogen, heat, and electricity from sugarcane bagasse

Bimestre, T. A., Castro, T. S., Rey, J. R. C., Silva, V. B. R. E., & Silveira, J. L. (2025) · Next Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100266 · Cited by 11

Hydrothermal Catalytic Upgrading of Model Compounds of Algae-Based Bio-Oil to Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons over Hierarchical HZSM-5

Lu, Q., Gong, Y., Lu, J., Liu, J., & Wu, Y. (2020) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03439 · Cited by 11

Recent Advances in Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Microalgae

Mahadevan, V., Gopinath, K. P., & Ghodke, P. K. (2022) · Clean Energy Production Technologies · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-0680-0_5 · Cited by 11

Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae over metal incorporated mesoporous SBA-15 with high hydrothermal stability

Chen, Y., Wu, K., Lin, Q., Wu, Y., Tang, Y., & Yang, M. (2018) · Carbon Resources Conversion · doi:10.1016/j.crcon.2018.07.002 · Cited by 11

System-Level Optimization to Improve Biofuel Potential via Genetic Engineering and Hydrothermal Liquefaction

Dong, T., Wang, B., Xiong, W., Sweeney, N., Pienkos, P. T., & Yu, J. (2020) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b06480 · Cited by 10

Thermal liquefaction of olive tree pruning waste into bio-oil in water and ethanol with NaOH catalyst

Öcal, B., Recepoğlu, Y. K., & Yüksel, A. (2024) · Journal of the Energy Institute · doi:10.1016/j.joei.2024.101533 · Cited by 10

Potential and Feasibility of the Microalgal System in Removal of Pharmaceutical Compounds from Wastewater

Chabukdhara, M., Gogoi, M., & Gupta, S. K. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-13913-1_10 · Cited by 10

Hydrothermal conversion of anaerobic wastewater fed microalgae: effects of reaction temperature on products distribution and biocrude properties

Li, H., Liu, Z., Wang, M., Lu, J., Bultinck, T., Wang, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Lu, H., Duan, N., et al. (2019) · IET Renewable Power Generation · doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2018.6278 · Cited by 10

Production of Biodiesel from Algae: An Update

Ali, A., Qadir, A., Kuddus, M., Saxena, P., & Abdin, M. Z. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68255-6_7 · Cited by 10

Re-express hydrothermal liquefaction bio-crude in petroleum way

Fu, S., Yang, J., Shi, M., Wei, D., Yin, H. Z., Sun, J., & He, J. (2016) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2016.11.059 · Cited by 11

The effect of hydrophilic amines on hydrothermal liquefaction of macroalgae residue

Chen, Y., Wei, Q., & Ren, X. (2017) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.148 · Cited by 11

Algae Biorefinery – Material and energy use of algae

Petrick, I., Dombrowski, L., Kröger, M., Beckert, T., Kuchling, T., & Kureti, S. (2014) · Qucosa (Saxon State and University Library Dresden) · Cited by 9

Green and facile recycling of bauxite residue to biochar-supported iron-based composite material for hydrothermal liquefaction of municipal solid waste

Sharma, K., Kohansal, K., Azuara, A. J., Rosendahl, L. A., Benedetti, V., Yu, D., & Pedersen, T. H. (2023) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2023.08.024 · Cited by 9

Research on innovative biobinders for sustainable road pavements The BioRoadPAV Project

das Neves, J. M. C., da Costa, M. S., dos Santos, R. G., Bordado, J. C., de Picado-Santos, L. G., Freire, A. C., Fontul, S., Alpiarça, C., Freitas, J. S. B., & Cordeiro, V. (2023) · Transportation research procedia · doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.420 · Cited by 9

Optimizing biofuel production from algae using four-element framework: Insights for maximum economic returns

Ketife, A. M. D. A., & AlMomani, F. A. (2024) · Energy Reports · doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2024.06.066 · Cited by 9

Process and environmental safety of thermochemical conversion of biomass

Smith, R. C., Klinger, J. L., & Saha, N. (2025) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1016/j.psep.2025.108209 · Cited by 10

Phycocyanin Extraction and Production of Crude Bio-Oil from Residual Biomass

Soni, B., Menon, D., Vijaykumar, V., Ghadge, R., & Dasgupta, S. (2022) · Industrial Biotechnology · doi:10.1089/ind.2022.0006 · Cited by 9

Effect of Acidic Hydrochar on Plastic Crude Oil Produced from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Waste PVC

Ghalandari, V., Smith, H., Volpe, M., Messineo, A., & Reza, M. T. (2022) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr10122538 · Cited by 9

Effect of Additives on Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Polysaccharides

Gollakota, A., & Savage, P. E. (2020) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03537 · Cited by 9

Bioenergetic valorization of Sargassum fluitans in the Mexican Caribbean: The determination of the calorific value and washing mechanism

Olivier, J. A. S., Canepa, J. R. L., Guerrero, D., González-Díaz, A., Jaramillo, D. A. F., García, H. K. O., & López, B. E. (2022) · AIMS energy · doi:10.3934/energy.2022003 · Cited by 9

Coupled CFD-DEM Numerical Simulation of Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) of Sludge Flocs to Biocrude Oil in a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) in a Scale-Up Study

Wodołażski, A. (2025) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en18174557 · Cited by 8

Sustainable valorization of lignocellulosic biomass for integrated biofuel and biomaterials production within the circular economy framework: Recent advances in pretreatment processes — A comprehensive review

Bezza, F. A., Tichapondwa, S. M., Brink, H. G., Daramola, M. O., Chirwa, E. M. N., & Iwarere, S. A. (2026) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109534 · Cited by 11

Thermochemical liquefaction characteristics of Cyanobacteria in subcritical and supercritical ethanol-water mixture

Meng, Y., Bao, G., Wang, H., Yang, Z., & Xie, J. (2017) · International Journal of Energy Research · doi:10.1002/er.3727 · Cited by 8

Impact of vegetation type and pre-processing on product yields and properties following hydrothermal conversion of conservation biomass

Corton, J., Donnison, I. S., Ross, A. B., Lea‐Langton, A., Wachendorf, M., & Fraser, M. D. (2020) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110462 · Cited by 8

Exploring the dynamics of microalgal diversity in high-rate algal ponds

Krishnamoorthy, N., Dey, B., Unpaprom, Y., Ramaraj, R., Maniam, G. P., Govindan, N., Thirugnanam, A., & Balasubramanian, P. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822956-9.00031-3 · Cited by 8

Preparation and testing of low-cost bioadsorbents for improving the anaerobic digestion of post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHWW)

Sapillado, G., de Melo, M. P., Sobral, P. J. D. A., Ribeiro, R., & Tommaso, G. (2022) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2022.108222 · Cited by 8

Upgrading microalgae for petroleum alternatives: CO2 upcycling for photosynthesis-based society

Lee, J. S., Tsang, Y. F., Kwon, E. E., & Sim, S. J. (2025) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2025.116025 · Cited by 7

Hydrothermal liquefaction of Chlamydomonas nivalis and Nannochloropsis gaditana microalgae under different operating conditions over copper-exchanged zeolites

Yousefzadeh, H., Borhan, E., HAZNEDAROĞLU, B. Z., Uzun, A., & Erkey, C. (2024) · Biochemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bej.2024.109237 · Cited by 7

Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis : Focusing on aqueous phase characterization

Zhang, B., Chen, H., & He, Z. (2019) · International Journal of Energy Research · doi:10.1002/er.4738 · Cited by 8

Advances in liquefaction for the production of hydrocarbon biofuels

Fraga, G. L. L., Batalha, N., Kumar, A., Bhaskar, T., Targinovna, K. M., & Perkins, G. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823306-1.00009-1 · Cited by 6

Switchable green solvents for lipids extraction from microalgae

Sanyal, D., Subhash, G. V., Saxena, N., Kargupta, W., Sapre, A. V., & Dasgupta, S. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819850-6.00006-1 · Cited by 7

Enhancing the efficiency of thermal conversion of microalgae: a review

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Applications of Spent Biomass

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