Are thraustochytrids algae?
Abstract
Thraustochytrids, a heterotrophic fungus-like clade of Stramenopiles, are becoming an increasingly important source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for biotechnological industries. PUFA rich oils from these organisms are subsequently referred to in some literature and marketing sources as being derived from 'algae', in spite of their non-photosynthetic source organism. In this review, we attempt to disentangle the evolutionary relationship of the Thraustochytrids from other Protists, demonstrating that there is no scientific basis for the aforementioned misnomer. Some research has previously suggested that the ancestor of the Stramenopiles may have been photosynthetic, and subsequently lost their plastids in multiple lineages. The placement of the Thraustochytrids within the Stramenopiles and their possible plastid loss may have been a source of obfuscation. It is becoming increasingly evident that the common ancestor of the Stramenopiles was not photosynthetic, and that only the Ochrophyte lineage later engulfed a plastid via higher order endosymbiosis. Because all basal lineages of Stramenopiles are non-plastidial heterotrophs, including the Thraustochytrids, there remains no phylogenetic, biological, or ecological justification for the term 'algae' to be applied to Thraustochytrids or their products.
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Thraustochytrids are a rich source of PUFAs, especially omega-3 fatty acids.
“One of the rich sources of PUFAs, especially omega-3 fatty acids, are thraustochytrids (Leyland et al., 2017).”
From Potential of microalgae as a sustainable feed ingredient for aquaculture (2021) · cites this paper as Leyland et al., 2017
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- Authors
- Leyland, B., Leu, S., & Boussiba, S.
- Affiliations
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Leyland, Ben
- Venue
- Fungal Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-10
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 835-840
- ISSN
- 1878-6146 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2744745572
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 1.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2020-06-01)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Fungal Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protist diversity and phylogeny
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Infectious Diseases and Mycology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Pathogens and Resistance
- Keywords
- thraustochytrids, stramenopiles, polyunsaturated fatty acids, heterotrophic protists, plastid loss, endosymbiosis, protist phylogeny
- MeSH terms
- Rhodophyta, Biological Evolution, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Photosynthesis, Phylogeny, Likelihood Functions, Plastids, Stramenopiles
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