Cited by 372Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMental Health Treatment and AccessTreatment of Major Depression

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Screening and case finding for major depressive disorder using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): a meta-analysis

Moriarty, Andrew Stephen, Gilbody, Simon, McMillan, Dean, Manea, Laura·2015·General Hospital Psychiatry

DOI 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.06.012

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Objective The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a widely used screening tool for major depressive disorder (MDD), although there is debate surrounding its diagnostic properties. For the PHQ-9, we aimed to: 1. Establish the diagnostic performance at the standard cutoff point (10). 2. Compare the diagnostic performance at the standard cutoff point in different clinical settings. 3. Assess whether there is selective reporting of cutoff points other than 10.Methods We searched three databases - Embase, MEDLINE and PSYCHInfo - and performed a reverse citation search in Web of Science. We selected for inclusion studies of any design that assessed the PHQ-9 in adult populations against recognized gold-standard instruments for the diagnosis of either Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders or International Classification of Diseases criteria for major depression. Included studies had to report sufficient information to calculate 2*2 contingency tables. Data extraction and synthesis were performed independently by two researchers. For the included studies, we calculated pooled sensitivity, pooled specificity, positive likelihood, negative likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio for cutoff points 7 to 15.Results Thirty-six studies (21,292 patients) met inclusion criteria. Pooled sensitivity for cutoff point 10 was 0.78 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.70-0.84], and pooled specificity was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.84-0.90). At this cutoff, the PHQ-9 is a better screener in primary care than secondary care settings. No conclusions could be drawn at cutoff points other than 10 due to selective reporting of data.Conclusions For MDD, the PHQ-9 has acceptable diagnostic properties at cutoff point 10 in different settings. We recommend that future studies report the full range of cutoff points to allow exploration of optimal cutoff points in different settings.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.06.012

Cites

49 of 49 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139
The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x · Cited by 44,910
Bivariate analysis of sensitivity and specificity produces informative summary measures in diagnostic reviews
Reitsma, J. B., Glas, A. S., Rutjes, A. W. S., Scholten, R. J. P. M., Bossuyt, P. M., & Zwinderman, A. H. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.02.022 · Cited by 3,369 · cited 1×
“Pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity, positive/ negative likelihood ratios and diagnostic odds ratios (DORs)were calculated using random effects bivariatemeta-analysis [7].”
Method
How should meta‐regression analyses be undertaken and interpreted?
Thompson, S. G., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1187 · Cited by 3,026
The performance of tests of publication bias and other sample size effects in systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy was assessed
Deeks, J. J., Macaskill, P., & Irwig, L. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.01.016 · Cited by 2,910
Optimal cut-off score for diagnosing depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): a meta-analysis
Manea, L., Gilbody, S., & McMillan, D. (2012) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.110829 · Cited by 1,966
Self-citation
Screening for depression in medical settings with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ): A diagnostic meta-analysis
Gilbody, S., Richards, D., Brealey, S., & Hewitt, C. (2007) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-007-0333-y · Cited by 1,290
Self-citation
Validation of PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 to Screen for Major Depression in the Primary Care Population
Arroll, B., Goodyear-Smith, F., Crengle, S., Gunn, J., Kerse, N., Fishman, T., Falloon, K., & Hatcher, S. (2010) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.1139 · Cited by 1,279 · cited 2×
“Of the 36 samples, half (18 studies) were conducted in countries speaking predominantly English [6,14–30].”
Background
Comparative validity of three screening questionnaires for DSM-IV depressive disorders and physicians? diagnoses
LOWE, B. (2004) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00237-9 · Cited by 1,060
Screening psychischer Störungen mit dem “Gesundheitsfragebogen für Patienten (PHQ-D)“
Gräfe, K., Zipfel, S., Herzog, W., & Löwe, B. (2004) · Diagnostica · doi:10.1026/0012-1924.50.4.171 · Cited by 805

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 53 references

4 of the 53 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 372

Bidimensional structure and measurement equivalence of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9: sex-sensitive assessment of depressive symptoms in three representative German cohort studies
Tibubos, A. N., Otten, D., Zöller, D., Binder, H., Wild, P. S., Fleischer, T., Johar, H., Atasoy, S., Schulze, L. N., Ladwig, K.-H., et al. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03234-x · Cited by 26
Prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders among internally displaced people by armed conflict in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique: a cross-sectional community-based study
Manafe, N., Mulungo, H., Ponda, F., dos Santos, P. F., Mandlate, F., Cumbe, V., Mocumbi, A. O., & Martins, M. D. R. O. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1371598 · Cited by 32
The effects of leisure time physical activity on depression among older women depend on intensity and frequency
Meng, Y., Luo, Y., Qin, S., Chen, X., Yue, J., Nie, M., & Fan, L. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.142 · Cited by 24
Dyskinetic movement disorder among adults with mental retardation: phenomenology and co-occurrence with stereotypy.
Bodfish, J. W., Newell, K. M., Sprague, R. L., Harper, V. N., & Lewis, M. H. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 23
People with diabetes need a lower cut-off than others for depression screening with PHQ-9
Cichoń, E., Kiejna, A., Kokoszka, A., Gondek, T. M., Radzio, R., Jastrzębski, A., Andrzejewska, B. E., Alosaimi, F. D., Lloyd, C. E., & Sartorius, N. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240209 · Cited by 22
Can We Prevent Depression in At-Risk Older Adults Using Self-Help? The UK SHARD Trial of Behavioral Activation
Gilbody, S. M., Brabyn, S., Mitchell, A. S., Ekers, D., McMillan, D., Bailey, D., Hems, D., Chew-Graham, C. A., Keding, A., & Bosanquet, K. (2021) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2021.06.006 · Cited by 19
Self-citation
Measuring Population Mental Health
OECD (2023) · OECD eBooks · doi:10.1787/5171eef8-en · Cited by 31
The theoretical and practical determination of clinical cut-offs for the British Sign Language versions of PHQ-9 and GAD-7
Belk, R. A., Pilling, M. A., Rogers, K., Lovell, K., & Young, A. M. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-1078-0 · Cited by 20
High depressive symptom prevalence in dental students associated with lifestyle and well‐being characteristics
Lerman, A. R., Yamamoto, K. K., Taylor, G. W., & Saeed, S. G. (2020) · Journal of Dental Education · doi:10.1002/jdd.12144 · Cited by 19
Are Preoperative PHQ-9 Scores Predictive of Postoperative Outcomes Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion?
Jenkins, N. W., Parrish, J. M., Yoo, J. S., Patel, D. S., Hrynewycz, N. M., Brundage, T. S., & Singh, K. (2020) · Clinical Spine Surgery A Spine Publication · doi:10.1097/bsd.0000000000000985 · Cited by 19
Evaluation of reliability and validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 in patients with acne
Peng, T., Li, Z., Liu, J., & Zhang, Y. C. (2020) · Dermatologic Therapy · doi:10.1111/dth.13584 · Cited by 19
The predictors of depression and burnout among surgical residents: A cross-sectional study from Kuwait
Burhamah, W., Alkhayyat, A., Oroszlányová, M., Jafar, H., Alkhayat, A., & Alabbad, J. (2021) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102337 · Cited by 21
Patterns of Depression and Resilience in Children and Adolescents Exposed to an Earthquake: A Latent Profile Analysis
Wang, Y., Ge, F., Wan, M., & Zhang, J. (2021) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2020.0330 · Cited by 19
Association of Visual Health With Depressive Symptoms and Brain Imaging Phenotypes Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Zhang, X., Shang, X., Seth, I., Huang, Y., Wang, Y., Liang, Y., Du, Z., Wu, G., Hu, Y., Liu, S., et al. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.35017 · Cited by 20
The relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms is domain-specific, age-dependent, and non-linear: An analysis of the Brazilian national health survey
Lopes, M. V. V., Matias, T. S., da Costa, B. G. G., Schuch, F. B., Chaput, J., & da Silva, K. S. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.01.041 · Cited by 19
Prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national-based study
Dong, X., Li, D., Miao, Y.-F., Zhang, T., Wu, Y., & Pan, C. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.034 · Cited by 19
Self-Report Scales for Common Mental Disorders
Sunderland, M., Batterham, P. J., Calear, A. L., & Carragher, N. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235433.019 · Cited by 22
Selective cutoff reporting in studies of the accuracy of the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: Comparison of results based on published cutoffs versus all cutoffs using individual participant data meta‐analysis
Neupane, D., Levis, B., Bhandari, P. M., Thombs, B. D., & Benedetti, A. (2021) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1873 · Cited by 19
Two-year effectiveness of a stepped-care depression prevention intervention and predictors of incident depression in primary care patients with diabetes type 2 and/or coronary heart disease and subthreshold depression: data from the Step-Dep cluster randomised controlled trial
Pols, A. D., Adriaanse, M. C., van Tulder, M. W., Heymans, M. W., Bosmans, J. E., van Dijk, S. E., & van Marwijk, H. W. J. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020412 · Cited by 18
Longitudinal Measurement Invariance of the PHQ-9 and GAD-7
Ong, C. W., Pierce, B. G., Klein, K. P., Hudson, C. C., Beard, C., & Björgvinsson, Þ. (2021) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911211035833 · Cited by 21
Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms Among People Under Quarantine During the COVID-19 Epidemic in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Yan, T., Wang, Z., Jianzhong, Z., Yubo, Y., Jie, L., Junjun, Z., & Guangtian, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.566241 · Cited by 18
Association between bullying victimization and mental health problems among Chinese left-behind children: a cross-sectional study from the adolescence mental health promotion cohort
Feng, Y., Zhang, S., Xiao, L., Jia, Y., Yang, Y., & Zhang, W. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1440821 · Cited by 21
Perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and suicidal ideation in patients with fibromyalgia and healthy subjects: a cross-sectional study
Lafuente-Castro, C. P., Ordóñez-Carrasco, J. L., Garcia‐Leiva, J. M., Salgueiro, M., & Calandre, E. P. (2018) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-018-4067-4 · Cited by 17
Depression and associated factors among Brazilian adults: the 2019 national healthcare population-based study
Hintz, A. M., Gomes‐Filho, I. S., Loomer, P. M., Pinho, P. D. S., Passos‐Soares, J. D. S., Trindade, S. C., Cerqueira, E. D. M. M., Alves, C. M. C., Rios, Y. S. S., Batista, J. E. T., et al. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05133-9 · Cited by 17
An empirical comparison of three methods for multiple cutoff diagnostic test meta‐analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 ( PHQ ‐9) depression screening tool using published data vs individual level data
Benedetti, A., Levis, B., Rücker, G., Jones, H. E., Schumacher, M. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., & Thombs, B. D. (2020) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.1443 · Cited by 18
Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Emergency Dental Care Providers on the Front Lines in China
Tao, J., Lin, Y., Long, J., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Qu, D., Li, W., & Zhu, Y. (2020) · International Dental Journal · doi:10.1016/j.identj.2020.12.001 · Cited by 18
Correlation of pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence to a mental health diagnosis or experience of childhood trauma in high-risk youth
Young, L. B., Lalley-Chareczko, L., Clark, D., Ramos, M. T., Nahan, R. A., Troutman, G. S., Cantor, R., DiFlavis, L., & Koenig, H. C. (2020) · International Journal of STD & AIDS · doi:10.1177/0956462420911559 · Cited by 19
Screening Utility of the PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 for Depression in College Students: Relationships with Substantive Scales of the MMPI-3
Morris, C. S., Ingram, P. B., Mitchell, S. M., & Victor, S. E. (2022) · Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development · doi:10.1080/07481756.2022.2110899 · Cited by 16
Exploring the relationship between generalised anxiety/depression scales and asthma-specific quality of life/control questionnaires in a specialist asthma clinic
Robinson, R., Barber, K., Jones, G., Blakey, J., & Burhan, H. (2020) · Journal of Asthma · doi:10.1080/02770903.2020.1744640 · Cited by 16
Mental health symptoms among Dutch elite athletes and their coaches: a cross-sectional study
Bilgoe, S. C., Moen, M. H., Raedts, E., Upmeijer, J., Kerkhoffs, G. M. M. J., & Gouttebarge, V. (2024) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001821 · Cited by 17
Screening for Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Type 2 Diabetes Using Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: Comparative Performance of the EQ-5D-5L and SF-12v2
Sayah, F. A., Ohinmaa, A. E., & Johnson, J. A. (2018) · MDM Policy & Practice · doi:10.1177/2381468318799361 · Cited by 15
Introducing FCR6–Brain: Measuring fear of cancer recurrence in brain tumor patients and their caregivers
Braun, S. E., Willis, K. D., Mladen, S. N., Aslanzadeh, F. J., Lanoye, A. M., Langbein, J., Reid, M. P., & Loughan, A. R. (2022) · Neuro-Oncology Practice · doi:10.1093/nop/npac043 · Cited by 16
Associations between pre-stroke physical activity and physical quality of life three months after stroke in patients with mild disability
Zirnsak, M., Meisinger, C., Linseisen, J., Ertl, M., Zickler, P., Naumann, M. K., & Kirchberger, I. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0266318 · Cited by 15
Exploring the multiverse: the impact of researchers’ analytic decisions on relationships between depression and inflammatory markers
Rengasamy, M. L., Moriarity, D. P., Kraynak, T. E., Tervo‐Clemmens, B., & Price, R. B. (2023) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-023-01621-4 · Cited by 17
Sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of depressive symptoms in a nationally representative sample of Greek adults: The Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey (HNNHS)
Michas, G., Magriplis, E., Micha, R., Chourdakis, M., Chrousos, G. P., Roma, E. S., Dimitriadis, G., Panagiotakos, D. B., & Zampelas, A. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.013 · Cited by 15
Psychological distress among survivors of moderate-to-critical COVID-19 illness
Imran, J., Nasa, P., Alexander, L., Upadhyay, S. P., & Alanduru, V. (2021) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_1074_20 · Cited by 15
Response Time as an Implicit Self-Schema Indicator for Depression among Undergraduate Students: Preliminary Findings From a Mobile App-Based Depression Assessment
Chung, K., Park, J. Y., Joung, D., & Jhung, K. (2019) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/14657 · Cited by 14
Does the moderator matter? Identification of multiple moderators of the association between peripheral inflammatory markers and depression severity in a large racially diverse community cohort
Rengasamy, M. L., Silva, S. A. D. C. E., Spada, M. L., & Price, R. B. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-022-01341-1 · Cited by 13
Targeting positive valence systems function in children of mothers with depressive symptoms: A pilot randomized trial of an RDoC-Informed preventive intervention
Burkhouse, K. L., Dao, A., Argiros, A. P., Granros, M., Cárdenas, E. F., Dickey, L., Feurer, C., Hill, K. E., Pegg, S. L., Venanzi, L., et al. (2023) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2023.104384 · Cited by 16
Factors Influencing Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Spinocerebellar Ataxia
Weber, N., Buchholz, M., Rädke, A., Faber, J., Schmitz‐Hübsch, T., Jacobi, H., Klockgether, T., Hoffmann, W. U., Michalowsky, B., the EUROSCA study group, et al. (2024) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-024-01657-2 · Cited by 15
Reporting completeness and transparency of meta-analyses of depression screening tool accuracy: A comparison of meta-analyses published before and after the PRISMA statement
Rice, D. B., Kloda, L. A., Shrier, I., & Thombs, B. D. (2016) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.06.007 · Cited by 14
Reporting quality in abstracts of meta-analyses of depression screening tool accuracy: a review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Rice, D. B., Kloda, L. A., Shrier, I., & Thombs, B. D. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012867 · Cited by 15
Validation of the PHQ-9 in adults with dissociative seizures
Lopez, M. B., Goldstein, L. H., Robinson, E. J., Vitoratou, S., Chalder, T., Carson, A. J., Stone, J., & Reuber, M. (2021) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110487 · Cited by 16
Family-centered depression treatment for older men in primary care: a qualitative study of stakeholder perspectives
Hinton, L., Sciolla, A., Unützer, J., Elizarraras, E., Kravitz, R. L., & Apesoa‐Varano, E. C. (2017) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-017-0659-4 · Cited by 14
Association Between Depression and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults: Data From the 2014 and 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Kim, Y., & Kim, H.-Y. (2018) · Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1010539518813704 · Cited by 15
Screening for depression among a sample of US college students who engage in recreational prescription opioid misuse
Davis, R. E., Bass, M. A., Wade, M. A., & Nahar, V. K. (2020) · Health Promotion Perspectives · doi:10.15171/hpp.2020.10 · Cited by 12
Depression and anxiety among cancer patients visiting a tertiary care cancer hospital
Kaphle, M., Bajracharya, D., Regmi, N., Aryal, D., & Karki, R. (2024) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v14.i2.287 · Cited by 12
Adolescent Emotional Reactivity in Family and School Contexts: Prospective Links to Adolescent Psychopathology
Chiang, S., & Bai, S. (2024) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-024-01241-6 · Cited by 14
Central Sensitisation, Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Chronic Masticatory Muscle Pain
Seweryn, P., Waliszewska‐Prosół, M., Petrášová, A., Bort, M., Seweryn, M., Straburzyński, M., & Wieckiewicz, M. A. (2025) · Journal of Oral Rehabilitation · doi:10.1111/joor.70007 · Cited by 12
The Association among Glycemic Control and Depression Symptoms in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Hasanović, E., Trifunović, N., Dzambo, I., Erkočević, H., Ćemerlić, A., Jatić, Z., & Kulenović, A. D. (2020) · Materia Socio Medica · doi:10.5455/msm.2020.32.177-182 · Cited by 13
A Pilot Study of Clinical Evaluation and Formation Mechanism of Irritable Bowel Syndrome-like Symptoms in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients in Remission
Wang, H., Zhao, X., Cui, X., Wang, M., Jiao, C., Li, J., Yang, Y., Li, Y., & Zhang, H. (2021) · Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility · doi:10.5056/jnm20151 · Cited by 12
Methodological quality of meta-analyses of the diagnostic accuracy of depression screening tools
Rice, D. B., Shrier, I., Kloda, L. A., Benedetti, A., & Thombs, B. D. (2016) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.03.013 · Cited by 12
Categorical and dimensional perspectives on depression in elderly primary care patients – Results of the AgeMooDe study
Dorow, M., Stein, J., Pabst, A., Weyerer, S. B., Werle, J., Maier, W., Miebach, L., Scherer, M., Stark, A., Wiese, B., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1577 · Cited by 12
Psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire nine-item version (PHQ-9) for use among hospitalized non-psychiatric medical patients
Daray, F. M., Hunter, F., Anastasia, A., & Fornaro, M. (2019) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.10.004 · Cited by 14
Inhibited personality traits, internalizing symptoms, and drinking to cope during the COVID-19 pandemic among emerging adults
Lambe, L. J., Yunus, F. M., Moore, M., Keough, M. T., Thompson, K., Krank, M. D., Conrod, P., & Stewart, S. H. (2022) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2022.2152726 · Cited by 11
Adverse childhood experiences and suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder: investigating the mediating role of emotional reactivity and probabilistic and reinforcement learning
Daneshvar, S., Bytamar, J. M., Zeraatpisheh, Z., Zand, S., Sahraian, A., & Jobson, L. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-02339-8 · Cited by 16
Palliative Care in Heart Failure
Sood, A., Dobbie, K. R., & Tang, W. H. W. (2018) · Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11936-018-0634-y · Cited by 11
Reliability and construct validity of the modified Finnish version of the 9-item patient health questionnaire and its associations within the biopsychosocial framework among female health-care workers with sub-acute or recurrent low back pain
Suni, J. H., Virkkunen, T., Husu, P., Tokola, K., Parkkari, J. P., & Kankaanpaa, M. J. (2021) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-020-03832-y · Cited by 14
Prevalence of Fatigue and Its Association With Quality of Life Among Frontline Clinicians in Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Departments During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Jin, Y., Li, Y., Li, X.-Y., Zhao, Y.-J., Cheung, T. C. C., Ungvari, G. S., Li, M., An, F., & Xiang, Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.678917 · Cited by 11
A cognitive–behavioural therapy programme for managing depression and anxiety in long-term physical health conditions: mixed-methods real-world evaluation of the COMPASS programme
Seaton, N., Moss-Morris, R. E., Hulme, K., Macaulay, H., & Hudson, J. L. (2023) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2023.519 · Cited by 10
Associations between insomnia symptom trajectories with depression and self-harm behaviors in Chinese college students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A five-wave longitudinal investigation
Qiao, X., Shi, X., Chen, X., & Ya, Z. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.108 · Cited by 10
Depression in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: results from Czech arm of HEROES Study
Čermáková, P., Fryčová, B., Novák, D., Kuklová, M., Wolfová, K., Kučera, M., Janoušková, M., Pekara, J., Šeblová, J., & Šeblová, D. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-39735-w · Cited by 13
Depressive symptomatology and alcohol misuse among treatment-seeking military veterans: Indirect associations via ruminative thinking
Heggeness, L. F., Paulus, D. J., Vidaurri, D. N., Franklin, C. L., & Raines, A. M. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106562 · Cited by 10
Depression and Loneliness Among the Elderly Poor
Banerjee, A., Duflo, E., Grela, E., McKelway, M., Schilbach, F., Sharma, G., & Vaidyanathan, G. (2022) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w30330 · Cited by 10
Patients’ openness to discussing implantable cardioverter defibrillator deactivation at end of life: a cross-sectional study
Lee, K. S., Oh, O., Miller, J., Hammash, M., Thompson, D. R., Ski, C. F., Cameron, J., Hwang, S. Y., & Moser, D. K. (2021) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1093/eurjcn/zvab130 · Cited by 9
Depression and Quality of Life of People Accused of Witchcraft and Living in Alleged Witches’ Camps in Northern Ghana
Adam, L., Shani, A. K., Yaro, P. B., Adwan-Kamara, L., & Tabong, P. T. (2023) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1155/2023/6830762 · Cited by 9
Dark Triad Personality Traits and Cyberbullying: The Mediating Role of Emotional Empathy
Basharpoor, S., Noori, S., Daneshvar, S., & Jobson, L. (2024) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2024.0302 · Cited by 9
Association of Depressive Symptoms with Perceived Stress and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Treatment-Naïve Patients with Breast Cancer
Li, J., Zhang, R., Li, S., Gao, W., Zhang, H., Bai, H., Shao, D., Zhou, C., & Cao, F. (2020) · Biological Research For Nursing · doi:10.1177/1099800420941094 · Cited by 9
Effect of social media usage on major depressive disorder among generation Z: a study in Indian context
Bhat, I. H., Gupta, S., & Bhat, G. M. (2023) · Information Discovery and Delivery · doi:10.1108/idd-07-2022-0071 · Cited by 11
The prevalence of depression symptoms and other mental disorders among patients aged 65 years and older – screening in the rural community
Kujawska-Danecka, H., Nowicka-Sauer, K., Hajduk, A., Wierzba, K., Krzemiński, W., & Zdrojewski, Z. (2016) · Family Medicine & Primary Care Review · doi:10.5114/fmpcr/63646 · Cited by 8
A technology-augmented intervention to prevent peer violence and depressive symptoms among at-risk emergency department adolescents: Protocol for a randomized control trial
Ranney, M. L., Patena, J. V., DUNSIGER, S. I., Spirito, A., Cunningham, R. M., Boyer, E. W., & Nugent, N. R. (2019) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2019.05.009 · Cited by 11
Factores asociados con la intensidad de los síntomas ansiosos y depresivos en personal de salud de dos centros de referencia para la atención de pacientes con COVID-19 de Antioquia, Colombia. Un análisis de clases latentes
Giraldo, J. D. B., Pulido, J., Valencia, J. G., Acevedo, D. C. A., & Cardeño, C. (2021) · Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría · doi:10.1016/j.rcp.2021.09.002 · Cited by 15
Sexual Orientation Disparities in Depression and Substance Use Among Adults: Results from the Brazilian National Health Survey 2019
Gomes, N. L., & Lopes, C. D. S. (2023) · LGBT Health · doi:10.1089/lgbt.2022.0193 · Cited by 8
Outcomes of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for depression and predictors of treatment response in Veterans Health Administration patients
Grau, P. P., Sripada, R. K., Ganoczy, D. A., Weinstein, J. H., & Pfeiffer, P. N. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.025 · Cited by 14
Factors and help-seeking behaviors associated with depression in Korean adults: Review of data from 2014 and 2016 Korea national health and nutrition examination surveys
Kim, Y., Kim, H.-Y., & Jang, S. J. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.03.013 · Cited by 8
PHQ-8 scores and estimation of depression prevalence – Author's reply
de la Torre, J. A., Vilagut, G., Ronaldson, A., Serrano‐Blanco, A., & Alonso, J. (2021) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(21)00226-7 · Cited by 8
The performance relationship between the EQ-5D-5L composite “Anxiety/Depression” dimension and anxiety and depression symptoms in a large, general population sample
Scott, E. S., Lubetkin, E. I., Janssen, M. F., Yfantopolous, J., Bonsel, G. J., & Haagsma, J. A. (2024) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-024-03754-5 · Cited by 8
A comparison of objective and subjective measures of physical activity, sedentary and sleep behaviors between persons with and without depressive symptoms
Collins, A. C., Price, G. D., Moreno, V. A., Mackin, D. M., Oh, J. Y., Heinz, M. V., & Jacobson, N. C. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.01.092 · Cited by 7
Feasibility and acceptability of implementing the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) package for children 0–3 years across three countries
Merchant, A. N., Kaur, R., McCray, G., Cavallera, V., Weber, A. M., Gladstone, M., Janus, M., Nisar, M. I., Kariger, P. K., Sazawal, S., et al. (2025) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-024-01583-4 · Cited by 7
Association of prognostic nutritional index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in adults with depression: NHANES 2005–2018
Ding, H., & Zou, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1599830 · Cited by 7
Decoding depression: Event related potential dynamics and predictive neural signatures of depression severity
Stone, B. T., Desrochers, P. C., Nateghi, M., Chitadze, L., Yang, Y., Cestero, G. I., Bouzid, Z., Chen, C., Bull, R., Bremner, J. D., et al. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119893 · Cited by 7
Interpersonal violence and depression in Brazil: A cross-sectional analysis of the 2019 National Health Survey
Harding, D., Pitcairn, C. F. M., Machado, D. B., Castro-de-Araujo, L. F. S., Millett, C. J., & Hone, T. (2022) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0001207 · Cited by 7
Racial, ethnic, and age disparities in the association of mental health symptoms and polysubstance use among persons in HIV care
Davy-Méndez, T., Sarovar, V., Levine‐Hall, T., Lea, A. N., Leibowitz, A., Luu, M. N., Flamm, J., Hare, C. B., Smith, J. D., Iturralde, E., et al. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0294483 · Cited by 7
Quantifying the Importance of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Characteristics in Predicting Different Clinical Outcomes: Using Random Forest Model
Wang, Z., Chen, Y., Tao, Z., Yang, M., Li, D., Jiang, L., & Zhang, W. (2024) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-023-01926-z · Cited by 7
Exploring relationships among appetitive traits, negative affect, and binge eating in adults with overweight or obesity
Pasquale, E. K., Strong, D. R., Manzano, M. A., Eichen, D. M., Peterson, C. B., & Boutelle, K. N. (2024) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101871 · Cited by 9
Communal mastery and associations with depressive and PTSD symptomatology among urban trauma-exposed women.
Miller, M. L., Stevens, N. R., Lowell, G. S., & Hobfoll, S. E. (2021) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/cdp0000473 · Cited by 7
A Pragmatic Clinical Trial Approach to Assessing and Monitoring Suicidal Ideation: Results from A National US Trauma Care System Study
Engstrom, A., Moloney, K., Nguyen, J., Parker, L. E., Roberts, M. K., Moodliar, R., Russo, J. E., Wang, J., Scheuer, H., & Zatzick, D. (2021) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00332747.2021.1991200 · Cited by 7
Fatigue and Cognitive Decline Associated With Depressive Symptoms Among Community-Dwelling Adults
Almegbas, N. R., Almutairi, G. R., Alosaimi, R. M., Alqahtani, M. A., Batook, S. G., Alfageh, I. A., Alhowimel, A., Alqahtani, B. A., Alshehri, M. M., & Alenazi, A. M. (2023) · INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing · doi:10.1177/00469580231153524 · Cited by 7
Depressive symptoms and health care within 30 days after discharge from a cardiac hospital unit
Hornung, J., Kuhlmann, S. L., Radzimanowski, M., Jörgens, S., Haverkamp, W., Martus, P., Ströhle, A., Waltenberger, J. L., Arolt, V., Müller‐Nordhorn, J., et al. (2018) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2018.10.001 · Cited by 7
Perceived social support and longitudinal trajectories of depression and anxiety in World Trade Center responders
Pijnenburg, L. J., Velikonja, T., Pietrzak, R. H., DePierro, J. M., de Haan, L., Todd, A. C., Dasaro, C. R., Feder, A., & Velthorst, E. (2023) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-023-02569-y · Cited by 9
An empirical comparison of statistical methods for multiple cut-off diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) depression screening tool using published results vs individual participant data
Negeri, Z., Levis, B., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Thombs, B. D., Benedetti, A., the DEPRESsion Screening Data (DEPRESSD) EPDS Group, Sun, Y., He, C., Krishnan, A., Wu, Y., et al. (2024) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-023-02134-w · Cited by 6
Self-citation
On the pursuit of reproducibility: the importance of large sample sizes in psychoimmunology
Rengasamy, M. L., Moriarity, D. P., & Price, R. B. (2025) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-025-03244-3 · Cited by 6
Major Depression in Chinese Medicine Outpatients with Stagnation Syndrome: Prevalence and the Impairments in Well‐Being
Ng, S., & Leng, L.-L. (2018) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2018/7234101 · Cited by 6
Comorbid Depressive Symptoms and Chronic Medical Conditions Among US Chinese Older Adults
Kong, D., Solomon, P., & Dong, X. (2019) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.15669 · Cited by 5
Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on Depression, Perceived Health, and Health-Related Quality of Life: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2014 and 2016
Yoo, C. S., Kim, Y., & Kim, H.-Y. (2020) · Korean Journal of Adult Nursing · doi:10.7475/kjan.2020.32.4.374 · Cited by 6
Psychometric Properties of an Online Administered Version of the Suicide Stroop Task
Moscardini, E. H., & Tucker, R. P. (2022) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-022-09994-4 · Cited by 6
Associations between specific depressive symptoms and psychosocial functioning in psychotherapy
Malkki, V. K., Rosenström, T. H., Jokela, M. M., & Saarni, S. E. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.021 · Cited by 6
Screening for Psychological Distress in Healthcare Workers Using Machine Learning: A Proof of Concept
Geoffrion, S., Morse, C., Dufour, M., Bergeron, N., Guay, S., & Lanovaz, M. J. (2023) · Journal of Medical Systems · doi:10.1007/s10916-023-02011-5 · Cited by 6
Governing in an Age of Distrust
Weinberg, J. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198900740.001.0001 · Cited by 7
Unraveling the associations between unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and mental health in the general adult Chinese population: A cross-sectional study
Wong, V. W.-H., Yiu, E. K. L., Ng, C. H., Sarris, J. J., & Ho, F. Y. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.079 · Cited by 6

Authors: Moriarty, A. S., Gilbody, S., McMillan, D., & Manea, L.
Affiliations: University of York (GB)
Corresponding author: Manea, Laura
ORCID: Moriarty, Andrew Stephen
Gilbody, Simon
McMillan, Dean
Manea, Laura
Venue: General Hospital Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2015-11
Volume: 37
Issue: 6
Pages: 567-576
ISSN: 0163-8343 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.06.012
OpenAlex: W2157786695
Cited by: 372
References: 53
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11
FWCI: 2.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: General Hospital Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute for Health and Care Research (ACF-2014-03-002, CL-2012-03-002)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Keywords: PHQ-9, major depressive disorder, depression screening, case finding, diagnostic accuracy, cut-off values, sensitivity and specificity, primary care, secondary care, selective reporting
MeSH terms: Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sensitivity and Specificity

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Screening and case finding for major depressive disorder using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): a meta-analysis

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks