Patient and caregiver outcomes at the integrated memory care clinic
Abstract
The purpose of this longitudinal cohort study was to explore the outcomes of persons living with dementia (PLWD) and their caregivers during their first 9 months at the Integrated Memory Care Clinic (IMCC). IMCC advanced practice registered nurses provide dementia care and primary care simultaneously and continuously to PLWD until institutionalization. Changes were examined in caregivers' psychological well-being (perceived stress, depressive symptoms, caregiver burden, and anxiety) and health status and in PLWDs' quality of life and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Data were collected at baseline, then 3 and 6 months post-baseline. Forty-two caregivers completed all 3 assessments. Most variables remained unchanged. Statistically significant improvements in 5 sub-scales of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory were observed: caregivers' distress regarding their PLWDs' delusions and anxiety, and PLWDs' severity of delusions, depression, and total symptom severity. Further testing of the IMCC is required, including in quasi-experimental studies, to determine its efficacy.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Integrated memory care combining condition reviews with symptom management showed promise in reducing readmissions and urgent care use, which were not affected by number of conditions.
“For example, integrated memory care combining condition reviews with symptom management showed promise in reducing readmissions and urgent care use, which were not affected by number of conditions [65, 98].”
From Do hospital-to-home transitions work for older adults with multiple long-term conditions including dementia? A realist review (2025) · cites this paper as [65]
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,588 · see citing works
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/bf03193146 · Cited by 65,971 · see citing works
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267 · see citing works
Harris, P. A., Taylor, R., Thielke, R., Payne, J., Gonzalez, N., & Conde, J. G. (2009) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010 · Cited by 51,384 · see citing works
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032 · see citing works
(1992) · PubMed · Cited by 33,716 · see citing works
A Global Measure of Perceived Stress
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136404 · Cited by 32,807 · see citing works
The MOS 36-ltem Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual Framework and Item Selection
Ware, J. E., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1992) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199206000-00002 · Cited by 30,033 · see citing works
The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: Comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia
Cummings, J. L., Mega, M., Gray, K., Rosenberg-Thompson, S., Carusi, D. A., & Gornbein, J. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.12.2308 · Cited by 7,568 · see citing works
Validation of a combined comorbidity index
Charlson, M., Szatrowski, T. P., Peterson, J., & Gold, J. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)90129-5 · Cited by 6,587 · see citing works
Relatives of the Impaired Elderly: Correlates of Feelings of Burden
Zarit, S. H., Reever, K. E., & Bach-Peterson, J. (1980) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/20.6.649 · Cited by 5,810 · see citing works
Screening for Depression in Well Older Adults: Evaluation of a Short Form of the CES-D
Andresen, E. M., Malmgren, J. A., Carter, W. B., & Patrick, D. L. (1994) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(18)30622-6 · Cited by 5,403 · see citing works
Validating the SF-36 health survey questionnaire: new outcome measure for primary care.
Brazier, J. E., Harper, R., Jones, N. M., O’Cathain, A., Thomas, K. J., Usherwood, T. P., & Westlake, L. (1992) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6846.160 · Cited by 4,660 · see citing works
Andresen, E. M., Malmgren, J. A., Carter, W. B., & Patrick, D. L. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 4,426 · see citing works
Review of the Psychometric Evidence of the Perceived Stress Scale
Lee, E.-H. (2012) · Asian Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.anr.2012.08.004 · Cited by 2,305 · see citing works
Pilkonis, P. A., Choi, S. W., Reise, S. P., Stover, A. M., Riley, W. T., Cella, D., & PROMIS Cooperative Group (2011) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191111411667 · Cited by 2,132 · see citing works
The Neuropsychiatric Inventory
Cummings, J. L. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.48.5_suppl_6.10s · Cited by 2,017 · see citing works
Validation of the NPI-Q, a Brief Clinical Form of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory
Kaufer, D., Cummings, J. L., Ketchel, P., Smith, V. M., MacMillan, A., Shelley, T., López, O. L., & DeKosky, S. T. (2000) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.12.2.233 · Cited by 1,978 · see citing works
Bédard, M., Molloy, D. W., Squire, L., Dubois, S., Lever, J. A., & O'Donnell, M. (2001) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/41.5.652 · Cited by 1,691 · see citing works
Assessing Quality of Life in Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment
Logsdon, R. G., Gibbons, L. E., McCurry, S. M., & Teri, L. (2002) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200205000-00016 · Cited by 1,381 · see citing works
A Practical Guide to Calculating Cohen’s f2, a Measure of Local Effect Size, from PROC MIXED
Selya, A. S., Rose, J. S., Dierker, L. C., Hedeker, D., & Mermelstein, R. J. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00111 · Cited by 1,297 · see citing works
Quality of life in Alzheimer's disease: Patient and caregiver reports.
Logsdon, R. G., Gibbons, L. E., McCurry, S. M., & Teri, L. L. (1999) · Journal of Mental Health and Aging · Cited by 843 · see citing works
Kaufer, D., Cummings, J. L., Christine, D., Bray, T., Castellon, S., Masterman, D. L., MacMillan, A., Ketchel, P., & DeKosky, S. T. (1998) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb02542.x · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Greene, J. G., SMITH, R., GARDINER, M., & Timbury, G. C. (1982) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/11.2.121 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Adverse effects of antipsychotic medications.
Muench, J., & Hamer, A. M. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Toot, S., Swinson, T., Devine, M., Challis, D., & Orrell, M. (2017) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610216001654 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Pain management in patients with dementia
Achterberg, W. P., Pieper, M. J. C., van Dalen‐Kok, A. H., de Waal, M. W. M., Husebo, B. S., Lautenbacher, S., Miriam Kunz, A., Scherder, E., & Corbett, A. (2013) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s36739 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Practice constraints, behavioral problems, and dementia care: primary care physicians' perspectives
Hinton, L., Franz, C. E., Reddy, G., Flores, Y., Kravitz, R. L., & Barker, J. C. (2007) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-007-0317-y · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Measurement properties of the CESD scale among individuals with spinal cord injury
Miller, W. C., Anton, H. A., & Townson, A. F. (2007) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3102127 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Amjad, H., Carmichael, D., Austin, A. M., Chang, C.-H., & Bynum, J. P. W. (2016) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.3553 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Enhancing Dementia Care: A Primary Care–Based Memory Clinic
Lee, L. S., Hillier, L. M., Stolee, P., Heckman, G. A., Gagnon, M., McAiney, C. A., & Harvey, D. W. (2010) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03130.x · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Implementing innovative models of dementia care: the healthy aging brain center
Boustani, M. A., Sachs, G. A., Alder, C. A., Munger, S., Schubert, C. C., Guerriero Austrom, M., Hake, A. M., Unverzagt, F. W., Farlow, M., Matthews, B. R., et al. (2011) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2010.496445 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Hepburn, K. W., Lewis, M. L., Tornatore, J. B., Sherman, C. W., & Bremer, K. L. (2007) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/00989134-20070301-06 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationReuben, D. B., Evertson, L. C., Wenger, N. S., Serrano, K., Chodosh, J., Ercoli, L. M., & Tan, Z. S. (2013) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12562 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Bass, D. M., Judge, K. S., Snow, A. L., WILSON, N. L., Morgan, R. O., Looman, W. J., McCarthy, C. A., Maslow, K., Moye, J. A., Randazzo, R., et al. (2013) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12362 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Tosato, M., Lukas, A., van der Roest, H. G., Danese, P., Antocicco, M., Finne‐Soveri, H., Nikolaus, T., Landi, F., Bernabei, R., & Onder, G. (2011) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2011.10.007 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Home is where the future is: The BrightFocus Foundation consensus panel on dementia care
Samus, Q. M., Black, B. S., Bovenkamp, D. E., Buckley, M. J., Callahan, C. M., Davis, K. C., Gitlin, L. N., Hodgson, N. A., Johnston, D. M., Kales, H. C., et al. (2017) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2017.10.006 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Characteristics Associated With Depression in Long-Term Care Residents With Dementia
Gruber‐Baldini, A. L., Zimmerman, S., Boustani, M. A., Watson, L. C., Williams, C. S., & Reed, P. S. (2005) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/45.suppl_1.50 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Healthy Aging Brain Center Improved Care Coordination And Produced Net Savings
French, D. D., LaMantia, M. A., Livin, L. R., Herceg, D., Alder, C. A., & Boustani, M. A. (2014) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2013.1221 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Redesigning Systems Of Care For Older Adults With Alzheimer’s Disease
Callahan, C. M., Sachs, G. A., LaMantia, M. A., Unroe, K. T., Arling, G. W., & Boustani, M. A. (2014) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2013.1260 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Dementia care management in primary care
Dreier, A., Michalowsky, B., Austrom, M. G., van der Marck, M. A., Iliffe, S., Alder, C. A., Vollmar, H. C., Thyrian, J. R., Wucherer, D., Zwingmann, I., et al. (2017) · Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie · doi:10.1007/s00391-017-1220-8 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Behavioral Disturbance in Dementia
Desai, A. K., Schwartz, L., & Grossberg, G. T. (2012) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-012-0288-5 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Practical clinical tool to monitor dementia symptoms: the HABC-Monitor
Monahan, Boustani, Alder, Galvin, J. E., Perkins, A. J., Healey, Chehresa, Shepard, Bubp, Frame, et al. (2012) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s30663 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Griffiths, P. C., Whitney, M., Kovaleva, M. A., & Hepburn, K. W. (2015) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnv123 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Aging Brain Care Medical Home: Preliminary Data
LaMantia, M. A., Alder, C. A., Callahan, C. M., Gao, S., French, D. D., Austrom, M. G., Boustany, K. C., Livin, L. R., Bynagari, B., & Boustani, M. A. (2015) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.13447 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
A controlled trial of Partners in Dementia Care: veteran outcomes after six and twelve months
Bass, D. M., Judge, K. S., Snow, A. L., WILSON, N. L., Morgan, R. O., Maslow, K., Randazzo, R., Moye, J. A., Odenheimer, G. L., Archambault, E. G., et al. (2014) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/alzrt242 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Symptom Burden Among Community‐Dwelling Older Adults in the United States
Patel, K. V., Guralnik, J. M., Phelan, E. A., Gell, N., Wallace, R. B., Sullivan, M. D., & Turk, D. C. (2018) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.15673 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Coordinated Care Management For Dementia In A Large Academic Health System
Tan, Z. S., Jennings, L. A., & Reuben, D. B. (2014) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2013.1294 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Creation of an Interprofessional Teledementia Clinic for Rural Veterans: Preliminary Data
Powers, B., Homer, M., Morone, N. E., Edmonds, N., & Rossi, M. I. (2017) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.14839 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Integrated Memory Care Clinic: Design, Implementation, and Initial Results
Clevenger, C. K., Cellar, J., Kovaleva, M., Medders, L., & Hepburn, K. (2018) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.15528 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationDementia Care Management in an Underserved Community
Chodosh, J., Colaiaco, B., Connor, K. I., Cope, D., Liu, H., Ganz, D. A., Richman, M. J., Cherry, D., Blank, J. M., Carbone, R. D. P., et al. (2015) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264315569454 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Addressing the Shortage of Geriatricians
Golden, A. G., Silverman, M. A., & Issenberg, S. B. (2015) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000000822 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Fortinsky, R. H., Delaney, C., Harel, O., Pasquale, K. M., Schjavland, E., Lynch, J., Kleppinger, A., & Crumb, S. (2014) · Research in Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/19404921-20140113-01 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Behavioral Disorders in Dementia
Kratz, T. (2017) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2017.0447 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Mavandadi, S., Wright, E. M., Graydon, M. M., Oslin, D. W., & Wray, L. O. (2017) · Psychological Services · doi:10.1037/ser0000118 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Noel, M. A., Kaluzynski, T. S., & Templeton, V. H. (2015) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/0733464815589986 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Workforce development to provide person-centered care
Austrom, M. G., Carvell, C. A., Alder, C. A., Gao, S., Boustani, M. A., & LaMantia, M. A. (2015) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2015.1119802 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Clare, L., Wilson, B. A., Carter, G., Breen, K., Berríos, G. E., & Hodges, J. R. (2002) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.735 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
D’Souza, M. F., Davagnino, J., Hastings, S. N., Sloane, R. J., Kamholz, B. A., & Twersky, J. (2015) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.13448 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Barton, C., Merrilees, J. J., Ketelle, R., Wilkins, S., & Miller, B. L. (2014) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/1471301213519895 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Montefiore‐Einstein Center for the Aging Brain: Preliminary Data
Verghese, J., Malik, R., & Zwerling, J. L. (2016) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.14473 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Patient-provider partnership in a memory disorder center
Hain, D. J., Dunn, D. J., & Tappen, R. M. (2011) · Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1111/j.1745-7599.2011.00619.x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Building and sustaining a caring-based nurse-managed center.
Tappen, R. M., & Valentine, K. L. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Poghosyan, L., Brooks, J. M., Hovsepian, V., Pollifrone, M., Schlak, A. E., & Sadak, T. (2021) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2021.01.135 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Lawson, L., Cooper, M., Tolley, C., Hand, A., & Nazar, H. (2025) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-025-06123-0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Post-discharge follow-up was linked to carers understanding of condition management, and confidence to support the patient’s needs [28, 44, 53–55, 58–60, 62–65].”
Influential
- Authors
- Kovaleva, M. A., Higgins, M., Jennings, B. M., Song, M.-K., Clevenger, C. K., Griffiths, P. C., & Hepburn, K.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Emory Healthcare (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kovaleva, Mariya A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Geriatric Nursing
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-11
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 761-768
- ISSN
- 0197-4572 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3032919327
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 0.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Geriatric Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Sigma Theta Tau International
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
- Keywords
- dementia, caregiver outcomes, patient outcomes, caregiver burden, caregiver stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety, quality of life, neuropsychiatric symptoms, delusions, advanced practice nurses, institutionalization
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Humans, Institutionalization, Longitudinal Studies, Quality of Life, Caregivers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
