Cited by 195Primary Care and Health OutcomesDementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchHealthcare Policy and Management

Continuity of Care and Health Care Utilization in Older Adults With Dementia in Fee-for-Service Medicare

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Amjad, Halima, Carmichael, Donald, Austin, Andrea M., Chang, Chiang-Hua, Bynum, Julie P. W.·2016·JAMA Internal Medicine

Abstract

IMPORTANCE: Poor continuity of care may contribute to high health care spending and adverse patient outcomes in dementia. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between medical clinician continuity and health care utilization, testing, and spending in older adults with dementia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a study of an observational retrospective cohort from the 2012 national sample in fee-for-service Medicare, conducted from July to December 2015, using inverse probability weighted analysis. A total of 1 416 369 continuously enrolled, community-dwelling, fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries 65 years or older with a claims-based dementia diagnosis and at least 4 ambulatory visits in 2012 were included. EXPOSURES: Continuity of care score measured on patient visits across physicians over 12 months. A higher continuity score is assigned to visit patterns in which a larger share of the patient's total visits are with fewer clinicians. Score range from 0 to 1 was examined in low-, medium-, and high-continuity tertiles. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Outcomes include all-cause hospitalization, ambulatory care sensitive condition hospitalization, emergency department visit, imaging, and laboratory testing (computed tomographic [CT] scan of the head, chest radiography, urinalysis, and urine culture), and health care spending (overall, hospital and skilled nursing facility, and physician). RESULTS: Beneficiaries with dementia who had lower levels of continuity of care were younger, had a higher income, and had more comorbid medical conditions. Almost 50% of patients had at least 1 hospitalization and emergency department visit during the year. Utilization was lower with increasing level of continuity. Specifically comparing the highest- vs lowest-continuity groups, annual rates per beneficiary of hospitalization (0.83 vs 0.88), emergency department visits (0.84 vs 0.99), CT scan of the head (0.71 vs 0.83), urinalysis (0.72 vs 1.09), and health care spending (total spending, $22 004 vs $24 371) were higher with lower continuity even after accounting for sociodemographic factors and comorbidity burden (P < .001 for all comparisons). The rate of ambulatory care sensitive condition hospitalization was similar across continuity groups. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among older fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries with a dementia diagnosis, lower continuity of care is associated with higher rates of hospitalization, emergency department visits, testing, and health care spending. Further research into these relationships, including potentially relevant clinical, clinician, and systems factors, can inform whether improving continuity of care in this population may benefit patients and the wider health system.

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Authors
Amjad, H., Carmichael, D., Austin, A. M., Chang, C.-H., & Bynum, J. P. W.
Affiliations
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice (US)
  • Dartmouth College (US)
Corresponding author
Amjad, Halima
Venue
JAMA Internal Medicine
Published
2016-09-01
Volume
176
Issue
9
Pages
1371
ISSN
2168-6106 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2490867851
Cited by
195
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1
FWCI
21.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • JAMA Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (KL2TR001077)
  • National Institute on Aging (P01AG019783)
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Primary Care and Health Outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Healthcare Policy and Management
Keywords
dementia, continuity of care, health care utilization, older adults, fee-for-service Medicare, hospitalization, emergency department visits, health care spending, ambulatory care sensitive conditions, community-dwelling patients, laboratory testing, imaging utilization, physician costs, comorbidities, quality of care, health care costs
MeSH terms
Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Continuity of Patient Care, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dementia, Diagnostic Imaging, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Emergency Service, Hospital, Health Expenditures, Female, Medicare, Hospitalization, Humans, Income, Male, Retrospective Studies, United States, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Fee-for-Service Plans

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