Environmental non-migration as adaptation in hazard-prone areas: Evidence from coastal Bangladesh
Open accessThe claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Various studies suggest that most people remain in their place of residence even when environmental conditions deteriorate dramatically.
“And yet, various studies suggest that most people remain in their place of residence even when environmental conditions deteriorate dramatically (Gray and Mueller 2012; Jamero et al. 2017; Khatun et al. 2022; Mallick and Mallick 2021; Penning-Rowsell et al. 2013).”
From Trapped by climate change? (In)voluntary immobility in Bangladesh (2025) · cites this paper as Khatun et al. 2022
The only passage returned from our copy is the paper’s title and author metadata, with no section or page number. Searches for people remaining in place despite environmental hazards found no passage addressing whether most people stay when conditions deteriorate. The available text therefore cannot verify the claim. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOther studies of immobility in environmentally exposed areas of Bangladesh find that 84% to 88% of immobility is voluntary, based on respondents' self-assessment.
“This split is similar to other studies of immobility in environmentally exposed areas of Bangladesh, which find that 84% (Khatun et al. 2022) to 88% (Ahsan et al. 2022) of immobility is voluntary, based on respondents’ self-assessment.”
From Trapped by climate change? (In)voluntary immobility in Bangladesh (2025) · cites this paper as Khatun et al. 2022
The available passages identify the paper as a study of non-migration in coastal Bangladesh, but contain no results on whether immobility was voluntary. Searches for “84%,” “voluntary immobility,” and respondents’ self-assessment found no passage supporting the percentage or how it was measured. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Migration, immobility and displacement outcomes following extreme events
Black, R., Arnell, N. W., Adger, W. N., Thomas, D., & Geddes, A. (2013) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2012.09.001 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Routledge Handbook of Environmental Displacement and Migration
(2018) · doi:10.4324/9781315638843 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Disruption, not displacement: Environmental variability and temporary migration in Bangladesh
Call, M. A., Gray, C., Yunus, M., & Emch, M. (2017) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.08.008 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Ayeb-Karlsson, S., Smith, C. D., & Kniveton, D. (2018) · Ambio · doi:10.1007/s13280-017-1007-6 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Ayeb-Karlsson, S., Kniveton, D., & Cannon, T. (2020) · Palgrave Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-020-0443-2 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Trapped or Voluntary? Non-Migration Despite Climate Risks
Mallick, B., & Schanze, J. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12114718 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationAyeb-Karlsson, S. (2020) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101904 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Mallick, B. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11123332 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationHow do sustainable livelihoods influence environmental (non-)migration aspirations?
Mallick, B., Sultana, Z., & Bennett, C. M. (2020) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102328 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mustafa, S., Newport, D., & Rigg, C. (2023) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103726 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Voluntary Immobility Despite Hazard: A Case of Jamuna Floodplain in Bangladesh
Nahin, K. T. K., Islam, S. B., Ahmed, S., Mondal, M. S., Murshed, S. B., & Nowreen, S. (2022) · GeoJournal · doi:10.1007/s10708-022-10820-3 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Trapped by climate change? (In)voluntary immobility in Bangladesh
Freihardt, J. (2025) · Regional Environmental Change · doi:10.1007/s10113-025-02452-3 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Khatun et al. (2022) and Ahsan et al. (2022) identify invol-untary non-migrants in Bangladesh using retrospective, self-reported survey data, which run the risk of motivated reasoning (Kunda 1990).”
- Authors
- Khatun, F., Ahsan, M. N., Afrin, S., Warner, J., Ahsan, R., Mallick, B., & Kumar, P.
- Affiliations
- Khulna University (BD)
- BRAC (BD)
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- University of Utah (US)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Ahsan, Md. Nasif
- ORCID
- Venue
- Global Environmental Change
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-11
- Volume
- 77
- Pages
- 102610
- ISSN
- 0959-3780 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4308165796
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 8.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.wur.nl
- Licence
- Locations
- Global Environmental Change (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- BRAC University Institutional Repository (BRAC University) (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Horizon 2020
- Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (CRRP2019-01MY-Kumar)
- Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
- H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (846129)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Climate Change, Adaptation, Migration
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Climate Change Communication and Perception
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Disaster Management and Resilience
- Keywords
- climate change adaptation, climate hazards, coastal Bangladesh, social capital, social support, livelihoods, access to natural resources, climate shocks, decision to stay
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
