UV sources and plastic composition influence microplastic surface degradation: Implications for plastic weathering studies
Open accessAbstract
Microplastic surface properties are dynamic in the environment, as weathering, primarily through photooxidation due to ultraviolet light (UV) exposure, modifies surface chemistry and surface roughness, which can affect the fate, transport and reactivity of microplastics, and therefore any potential environmental risk they may pose. This study aims to investigate and characterise the effect of different UV radiation sources that are typically used in weathering studies (UVA-340 fluorescent lamps, xenon-arc lamps and natural sunlight) on two key properties of microplastics: surface roughness and oxidation level. High- and low-density polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene microplastic nurdles (<5 mm) were weathered and characterised using Atomic Force Microscopy and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy. After two weeks, UVA light was found to significantly increase the carbonyl index of the subject high-density polyethylene and decrease its surface roughness. The subject low-density polyethylene was found to increase in carbonyl index when exposed to all three light sources for two weeks, and reduced in surface roughness when exposed to both xenon-arc and UVA light. Xenon-arc light increased surface roughness on the subject polypropylene after two weeks exposure. The subject polystyrene significantly increased in carbonyl index when exposed to xenon-arc light for two weeks but decreased in surface roughness when exposed to UVA light. Surface oxidation was found to be dependent on polymer type, UV source and additive content, with the data showing a relationship between surface roughness, surface shading and additive content. The results from this study highlight the complexity of microplastic weathering processes and how metrics such as carbonyl index must be applied with caution when estimating how long a plastic has been in the environment.
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Caution is required when interpreting the results of laboratory studies as these can overestimate plastic degradation rates in natural environments.
“Environmental factors can further modify oxidation rates, and caution is required when interpreting the results of laboratory studies as these can overestimate plastic degradation rates in natural environments [143].”
Oxidation and leaching rates can vary substantially amongst plastic types and with different additives.
“However, oxidation and leaching rates can vary substantially amongst plastic types and with different additives [143].”
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Amool, S. H., Vesuwe, R. N., Thring, R. W., & Iorhemen, O. T. (2026) · Environmental Management Engineering and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jemet.2026.100016
- Authors
- Burrows, S., Colwell, J., Costanzo, S., Kaserzon, S., Okoffo, E., Ribeiro, F., O'Brien, S., Toapanta, T., Rauert, C., Thomas, K. V., & Galloway, T.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Queensland University of Technology (AU)
- University of Exeter (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Burrows, Stephen
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-05
- Volume
- 14
- Pages
- 100428
- ISSN
- 2772-4166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4394990080
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 5
- FWCI
- 4.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Natural Environment Research Council
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer Science and PVC
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer crystallization and properties
- Keywords
- microplastic weathering, photooxidation, ultraviolet light source, xenon arc lamp, daylighting, surface roughness, carbonyl index, surface oxidation, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polymer additives, surface shading
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