Neighborhood context and incidence of type 1 diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Open accessAbstract
Findings regarding type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and neighborhood-level characteristics are mixed, with few US studies examining the influence of race/ethnicity. We conducted an ecologic study using SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study data to explore the association of neighborhood characteristics and T1DM incidence. 2002-2003 incident cases among youth at four SEARCH centers were included. Residential addresses were geocoded to US Census Tract. Standardized incidence ratios tended to increase with increasing education and median household income. Results from Poisson regression mixed models were similar and stable across race/ethnic groups and population density. Our study suggests a relationship of T1DM incidence with neighborhood-level socioeconomic status, independent of individual-level race/ethnic differences.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Other factors that complicate diagnosis of type 1 diabetes include the growing problem of obesity, difficulties in health-care provider recognition of disease, and increasingly diverse genetic admixtures due to migration and social changes.
“Other factors that complicate diagnosis of type 1 diabetes include the growing problem of obesity (both childhood and adult), difficulties in health-care provider recognition of disease, and increasingly diverse genetic admixtures due to migration and social changes.45–47”
From Type 1 diabetes (2014) · cites this paper as [47]
The Introduction discusses type 1 diabetes incidence, genetics and environmental factors, while the Study design describes how cases were identified and validated; neither addresses obstacles to diagnosis. Searches for obesity, provider recognition and genetic admixture due to migration found no passage linking them to diagnostic difficulty in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Incidence of diabetes in youth in the United States
SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group*, T. W. G. F. T. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.297.24.2716 · Cited by 991 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The annual expected number of cases was determined using US Census population estimates for 2000 (multiplied by two years to reflect the time period used in this study) and corresponding SEARCH published pooled (age group, gender, and race-specific) annual incidence rates (Dabelea et al., 2007).”
(2004) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2004.08.002 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes in 0- to 17-year-old Colorado youth
Vehik, K., Hamman, R. F., Lezotte, D., Norris, J. M., Klingensmith, G., Bloch, C., Rewers, M., & Dabelea, D. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-1837 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Self-citationMayer-Davis, E. J., Bell, R. A., Dabelea, D., D'Agostino, R., Imperatore, G., Lawrence, J. M., Liu, L., Marcovina, S., & for the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-s201 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationEstimating the accuracy of geographical imputation
Henry, K. A., & Boscoe, F. P. (2008) · International Journal of Health Geographics · doi:10.1186/1476-072x-7-3 · Cited by 81 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The 15% (300) of addresses that were geocodable to zip code level only were allocated to Census tract by a random assignment based imputation method and process which was weighted by demographic information (Henry & Boscoe, 2008; Hibbert et al., 2009).”
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 35
- Cardwell CR Carson DJ Patterson CC Secular trends, disease maps and ecological analyses of the incidence of childhood onset Type 1 diabetes in Northern Ireland, 1989–2003 Diabetic Medicine 2007 24 3 289 295 17305789
- Cherubini V Carle F Gesuita R Iannilli A Tuomilehto J Prisco F Iafusco D Altobelli E Chiarelli F De Giorgi G Falorni A Large incidence variation of Type I diabetes in central-southern Italy 1990–1995: lower risk in rural areas Diabetologia 1999 42 7 789 792 10440119
- D’Angeli MA Merzon E Valbuena LF Tirschwell D Paris CA Mueller BA Environmental factors associated with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: an exploration of the hygiene and overload hypotheses Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 2010 164 8 732 738 20679164 PMC3064074
- Diez-Roux AV Kiefe CI Jacobs DR Jr Haan M Jackson SA Nieto FJ Area characteristics and individual-level socioeconomic position indicators in three population-based epidemiologic studies Annals of Epidemiology 2001 11 6 395 405 11454499
- du Prel JB Icks A Grabert M Holl RW Giani G Rosenbauer J Socioeconomic conditions and type 1 diabetes in childhood in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany Diabetologia 2007 50 4 720 728 17294165
- Feltbower RG Manda SO Gilthorpe MS Greaves MF Parslow RC Kinsey SE Detecting small-area similarities in the epidemiology of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diabetes mellitus, type 1: a Bayesian approach American Journal of Epidemiology 2005 161 12 1168 1180 15937026
- Gale EA A missing link in the hygiene hypothesis? Diabetologia 2002 45 4 588 594 12032638
- Gay EC Hamman RF Carosone-Link PJ Lezotte DC Cook M Stroheker R Colorado IDDM Registry: lower incidence of IDDM in Hispanics comparison of disease characteristics and care patterns in a bioethnic population Diabetes Care 1989 12 701 708 2612305
- Gopinath S Ortqvist E Norgren S Green A Sanjeevi CB Variations in incidence of type 1 diabetes in different municipalities of Stockholm Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2008 1150 200 207 19120295
- Hamman RF Gay EC Cruickshanks KJ Cook M Lezotte DC Klingensmith GJ Colorado IDDM registry: incidence and validation of IDDM in children aged 0–17yr Diabetes Care 1990 13 5 499 506 2351028
- Haynes A Bulsara MK Bower C Codde JP Jones TW Davis EA Independent effects of socioeconomic status and place of residence on the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes in Western Australia Pediatric Diabetes 2006 7 2 94 100 16629715
- Hibbert JD Liese AD Lawson A Porter DE Puett RC Standiford D Evaluating geographic imputation approaches for zip code level data: an application to a study of pediatric diabetes International Journal of Health Geographics 2009 8 54 19814809 PMC2763852
- Holmqvist BM Lofman O Samuelsson U A low incidence of Type 1 diabetes between 1977 and 2001 in south-eastern Sweden in areas with high population density and which are more deprived Diabetic Medicine 2008 25 255 260 18201211
- Jarosz-Chobot P Polanska J Polanski A Does social-economical transformation influence the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus? A Polish example Pediatric Diabetes 9 3 Pt 1 2008 202 207 18547234
- Knip M Veijola R Virtanen SM Hyoty H Vaarala O Akerblom HK Environmental triggers and determinants of type 1 diabetes Diabetes 2005 54 Suppl 2 S125 S136 16306330
- Kolb H Elliott RB Increasing incidence of IDDM a consequence of improved hygiene? Diabetologia 1994 37 7 729 7958547
- Krieger N Chen JT Waterman PD Soobader MJ Subramanian SV Carson R Choosing area based socioeconomic measures to monitor social inequalities in low birth weight and childhood lead poisoning: The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project (US) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2003 57 3 186 199 12594195 PMC1732402
- Liese AD Lawson A Song HR Hibbert JD Porter DE Nichols M Evaluating geographic variation in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence in youth in four US regions Health Place 2010 16 3 547 556 20129809 PMC2850285
- Lipton RB Drum M Li S Choi H Social environment and year of birth influence type 1 diabetes risk for African-American and Latino children Diabetes Care 1999 22 1 78 85 10333907
- McNally RJ Feltbower RG Parker L Bodansky HJ Campbell F McKinney PA Space-time clustering analyses of type 1 diabetes among 0- to 29-year-olds in Yorkshire, UK Diabetologia 2006 49 5 900 904 16557371
- Miller LJ Willis JA Pearce J Barnett R Darlow BA Scott RS Urban-rural variation in childhood type 1 diabetes incidence in Canterbury, New Zealand, 1980–2004 Health Place 2010 21144792
- Moore LV Diez Roux AV Associations of neighborhood characteristics with the location and type of food stores American Journal of Public Health 2006 96 2 325 331 16380567 PMC1470485
- Norris JM Infant and childhood diet and type 1 diabetes risk: recent advances and prospects Current Diabetes Reports 2010 10 5 345 349 20640941 PMC4443269
- Norris JM Barriga K Klingensmith G Hoffman M Eisenbarth GS Erlich HA Timing of initial cereal exposure in infancy and risk of islet autoimmunity Journal of the American Medical Association 2003 290 13 1713 1720 14519705
- Norris JM Scott FW A meta-analysis of infant diet and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: do biases play a role? Epidemiology 1996 7 1 87 92 8664407
- Onkamo P Vaananen S Karvonen M Tuomilehto J Worldwide increase in incidence of Type I diabetes—the analysis of the data on published incidence trends Diabetologia 1999 42 12 1395 1403 10651256
- Parslow RC McKinney PA Law GR Bodansky HJ Population mixing and childhood diabetes International Journal of Epidemiology 2001 30 3 533 538 discussion 538–539. 11416078
- Patterson CC Dahlquist GG Gyurus E Green A Soltesz G Incidence trends for childhood type 1 diabetes in Europe during 1989–2003 and predicted new cases 2005–20: a multicentre prospective registration study Lancet 2009 373 9680 2027 2033 19481249
- Patterson CC Waugh NR Urban/rural and deprivational differences in incidence and clustering of childhood diabetes in Scotland International Journal of Epidemiology 1992 21 1 108 117 1544741
- Risch N Genetics of IDDM: evidence for complex inheritance with HLA Genetic Epidemiology 1989 6 1 143 148 2499501
- Rytkonen M Ranta J Tuomilehto J Karvonen M Bayesian analysis of geographical variation in the incidence of Type I diabetes in Finland Diabetologia 2001 44 Suppl 3 B37 B44 11724415
- Samuelsson U Lofman O Geographical mapping of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents in south east Sweden Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2004 58 5 388 392 15082736 PMC1732763
- The TEDDY Study Group The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study: study design Pediatric Diabetes 2007 8 5 286 298 17850472
- Thomas W Birgit R Edith S Changing geographical distribution of diabetes mellitus type 1 incidence in Austrian children 1989–2005 European Journal of Epidemiology 2008 23 3 213 218 18210201
- Writing Group for the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group Dabelea D Bell RA D’Agostino RB Jr Imperatore G Johansen JM Linder B Liu LL Loots B Marcovina S Mayer-Davis EJ Pettitt DJ Waitzfelder B Incidence of Diabetes in Youth in the United States JAMA 2007 6 27 297 24 2716 2724 (Erratum in: JAMA. 2007 August 8, 298 (6), 627). 17595272
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Atkinson, M. A., Eisenbarth, G. S., & Michels, A. W. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60591-7 · Cited by 2,713 · see citing works
- Authors
- Puett, R. C., Lamichhane, A. P., D. Nichols, M., Lawson, A. B., A. Standiford, D., Liu, L., Dabelea, D., & Liese, A. D.
- Affiliations
- University of South Carolina (US)
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Seattle Children's Hospital (US)
- Colorado School of Public Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Puett, Robin C.
- Venue
- Health & Place
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-07
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 911-916
- ISSN
- 1353-8292 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3936317
- OpenAlex
- W1981966817
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Health & Place (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK077131)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, diabetes incidence, neighborhood characteristics, socioeconomic status, neighborhood education, household income, race and ethnicity, youth, SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth, census tracts, population density
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Infant, Male, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, Social Class, United States, Incidence, Geographic Information Systems, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review