Cortical auditory evoked potentials as an objective measure of behavioral thresholds in cochlear implant users.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of using cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) as an objective tool for predicting behavioral hearing thresholds in cochlear implant (CI) users. Nine experienced adult CI users of Cochlear(™) devices participated. Behavioral thresholds were measured in CI users across apical, mid and basal electrodes. CAEPs were measured for the same stimuli (50 ms pulse trains of 900-pps rate) at a range of input levels across the individual's psychophysical dynamic range (DR). Amplitude growth functions using global field power (GFP) were plotted, and from this the CAEP thresholds were extrapolated and compared to the behavioral thresholds. Increased amplitude and decreased latency of the N1-P2 response was seen with increasing input level. A strong correlation was found between CAEP and behavioral thresholds (r = 0.93), implying that the cortical response may be more useful as an objective programming tool for cochlear implants than the auditory nerve response.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Other measures like ECAP, EABR, and CAEPs have been studied to automatically fit cochlear implants, but none of them reached a clinical application.
“Other measures like ECAP (McKay et al., 2013), electrically evocated auditory brainstem response (EABR) (Guenser et al., 2015), cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) (Visram et al., 2015) have been studied to automatically fit cochlear implants, but none of them reached a clinical application.”
From Toward a personalized closed-loop stimulation of the visual cortex: Advances and challenges (2022) · cites this paper as Visram et al., 2015
Cites
Delorme, A., & Makeig, S. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009 · Cited by 24,371 · see citing works
Näätänen, R., & Picton, T. (1987) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1987.tb00311.x · Cited by 3,321 · see citing works
Sharma, A., Dorman, M. F., & Spahr, A. J. (2002) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/00003446-200212000-00004 · Cited by 951 · see citing works
Sharma, A., Dorman, M. F., & Kral, A. (2005) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2004.12.010 · Cited by 609 · see citing works
Brown, C., Hughes, M. L., Luk, B., Abbas, P. J., Wolaver, A. A., & Gervais, J. P. (2000) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/00003446-200004000-00009 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Deprivation-induced cortical reorganization in children with cochlear implants
Sharma, A., Gilley, P. M., Dorman, M. F., & Baldwin, R. (2007) · International Journal of Audiology · doi:10.1080/14992020701524836 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Kelly, A. S., Purdy, S. C., & Thorne, P. R. (2005) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2005.02.011 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Comparison of EAP Thresholds with MAP Levels in the Nucleus 24 Cochlear Implant: Data from Children
Hughes, M. L., Brown, C., Abbas, P. J., Wolaver, A. A., & Gervais, J. P. (2000) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/00003446-200004000-00010 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Firszt, J. B., Chambers, R. D., Kraus, N., & Reeder, R. M. (2002) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/00003446-200212000-00002 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Lightfoot, G. R., & Kennedy, V. (2006) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/01.aud.0000233902.53432.48 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Can ECAP measures be used for totally objective programming of cochlear implants?
McKay, C. M., Chandan, K., Akhoun, I., Siciliano, C., & Kluk, K. (2013) · Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology · doi:10.1007/s10162-013-0417-9 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationMorawski, K. F., Niemczyk, K., Bohorquez, J. E., Marchel, A., Delgado, R. E., Özdamar, Ö., & Telischi, F. F. (2007) · Otology & Neurotology · doi:10.1097/mao.0b013e3180577919 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Dynamics of infant cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) for tone and speech tokens
Cone, B. K., & Whitaker, R. (2013) · International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.04.030 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Cochlear implant artifact attenuation in late auditory evoked potentials: A single channel approach
Laughlin, M. M., Valdés, A. L., Reilly, R. B., & Zeng, F. (2013) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2013.05.006 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
McKay, C. M., Fewster, L., & Dawson, P. (2005) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/00003446-200508001-00006 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationBassi, D., Furkim, A. M., Silva, C. A., Coelho, M. S. P. H., Rolim, M. R. P., de Alencar, M. L. A., & Machado, M. J. (2014) · CoDAS · doi:10.1590/s2317-17822014000100004 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Beynon, A. J., Snik, A. F. M., & van den Broek, P. (2002) · International Journal of Audiology · doi:10.3109/14992020209090420 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Beynon, A. J., Snik, A. F. M., Stegeman, D. F., & van den Broek, P. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Audiology · doi:10.3766/jaaa.16.1.5 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Purdy, S. C., Sharma, M., Munro, K. J., & Morgan, C. (2012) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2012.09.011 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The maturation of auditory cortical evoked responses between (preterm) birth and 14 years of age
Pasman, J. W., Rotteveel, J. J., Maassen, B., & Visco, Y. M. (1999) · European Journal of Paediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1090-3798(99)80017-8 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Beynon, A. J., & Snik, A. F. M. (2004) · International Journal of Audiology · doi:10.1080/17088186.2004.12561717 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Auditory pathways’ maturation after cochlear implant via cortical auditory evoked potentials ,
Silva, L. A. F., Couto, M. I. V., Tsuji, R. K., Bento, R. F., Matas, C. G., & de Carvalho, A. C. M. (2014) · Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.5935/1808-8694.20140028 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Sharma, M., Johnson, P. K. H., Purdy, S. C., & Norman, F. (2013) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0000000000000078 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Fisher, A. C., El‐Deredy, W., Hagan, R. P., Brown, M. C., & Lisboa, P. J. G. (2006) · Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing · doi:10.1007/s11517-006-0123-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 26 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Toward Automated Cochlear Implant Fitting Procedures Based on Event-Related Potentials
Finke, M., Billinger, M., & Büchner, A. (2016) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/aud.0000000000000377 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
EEG-based diagnostics of the auditory system using cochlear implant electrodes as sensors
Somers, B., Long, C. J., & Francart, T. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-84829-y · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Mao, D., Innes-Brown, H., Petoe, M. A., Wong, Y. T., & McKay, C. M. (2019) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2019.02.013 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationMcKay, C. M., & Smale, N. (2017) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2017.02.009 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationTávora‐Vieira, D., Wedekind, A., Ffoulkes, E., Voola, M. W. R., & Marino, R. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0274643 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Gommeren, H., Bosmans, J., Cardon, E., Mertens, G., Cras, P. P., Engelborghs, S., Ombergen, A. V., Gilles, A., Lammers, M. J. W., & Rompaey, V. V. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.781322 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Comparative Analysis of Cortical Auditory Evoked Potential in Cochlear Implant Users
Távora‐Vieira, D., Mandruzzato, G., Polák, M., Truong, B., & Stutley, A. (2021) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/aud.0000000000001075 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Eeckhoutte, M. V., Wouters, J. M., & Francart, T. (2017) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2017.12.002 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Toward a personalized closed-loop stimulation of the visual cortex: Advances and challenges
Grani, F., Soto-Sánchez, C., Fimia, A., & Fernández, E. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.1034270 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Cochlear Implant Upper Stimulation Levels: eSRT vs. Loudness Scaling
Holder, J. T., Henry, M. R., MacDonald, A., & Gifford, R. H. (2023) · Otology & Neurotology · doi:10.1097/mao.0000000000003988 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Attias, J., HabibAllah, S., Tarigoppula, V. S. A., Glick, H., Chen, C., Kanthaiah, K., & Litvak, L. M. (2022) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/aud.0000000000001212 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Mao, D., Innes-Brown, H., Petoe, M. A., Wong, Y. T., & McKay, C. M. (2018) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2018.09.006 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationBeynon, A. J., Luijten, B. M., & Mylanus, E. A. M. (2021) · Audiology Research · doi:10.3390/audiolres11040062 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
He, S., McFayden, T. C., Teagle, H. F. B., Ewend, M. G., Henderson, L., & Buchman, C. A. (2016) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/aud.0000000000000342 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Cardon, G. J., & Sharma, A. (2020) · American Journal of Audiology · doi:10.1044/2020_aja-20-00062 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Távora‐Vieira, D., & Ffoulkes, E. (2023) · Audiology and Neurotology · doi:10.1159/000529797 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Martins, K. V. C., Goffi-Gómez, M. V. S., Tsuji, R. K., & Bento, R. F. (2021) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2021.108206 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Saravanan, P., Neelamegarajan, D., & Geetha, C. (2024) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2024.1441854 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Callejón-Leblic, M. A., Barrios-Romero, M. D. M., Kontides, A., Sánchez‐Gómez, S., & Beynon, A. J. (2022) · International Journal of Audiology · doi:10.1080/14992027.2022.2062578 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Potter, T. B. H., Li, S., Nguyen, T., Nguyen, T., Ince, N. F., & Zhang, Y. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11191-3 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Speech-ABRs in cochlear implant recipients: feasibility study
BinKhamis, G., Perugia, E., O’Driscoll, M. P., & Kluk, K. (2019) · International Journal of Audiology · doi:10.1080/14992027.2019.1619100 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Bell-Souder, D., Chen, C., Spahr, A. J., & Sharma, A. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-79528-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Bogdanov, C., Goulios, H., Mulders, W. H. A. M., & Távora‐Vieira, D. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1453274 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
eABR THR Estimation Using High-Rate Multi-Pulse Stimulation in Cochlear Implant Users
Saeedi, A., Englert, L., & Hemmert, W. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.705189 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Effects of analysis window on 40-Hz auditory steady-state responses in cochlear implant users
David, W., Verwaerde, E., Gransier, R., & Wouters, J. M. (2023) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2023.108882 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Kranick, M., Wagner, L., Plontke, S. K., & Rahne, T. (2020) · Cochlear Implants International · doi:10.1080/14670100.2020.1850032 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
HabibAllah, S., Chen, C., & Attias, J. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-06652-z · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Aldag, N., & Nogueira, W. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-58225-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Auditory evoked potentials: objectives procedures in the assessment of cochlear implants outcomes
Gabr, T. A. (2024) · The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology · doi:10.1186/s43163-024-00722-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Saksida, A., Živanović, S., Battelino, S., & Orzan, E. (2025) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/aud.0000000000001651 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Macherey, O., Stahl, P., Intartaglia, B., Meunier, S., Roman, S., & Schön, D. (2021) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2021.108176 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Schott, J., Gransier, R., Wouters, J. M., & Moonen, M. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2023.3316838 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Interfacing Hearing Implants with the Brain: Closing the Loop with Intracochlear Brain Recordings
Somers, B., Lesenfants, D., Vanthornhout, J., Decruy, L. P., Verschueren, E., & Francart, T. (2021) · Springer briefs in electrical and computer engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-60460-8_5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cardon, G. J., & Sharma, A. (2021) · Hearing Balance and Communication · doi:10.1080/21695717.2021.1933315 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
He, S., Teagle, H. F. B., McFayden, T. C., Ewend, M. G., Henderson, L., He, N., & Buchman, C. A. (2017) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/aud.0000000000000488 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Aided cortical auditory evoked measures with cochlear implantees
Choi, S. M. S., Wong, E. C. M., & McPherson, B. (2019) · Hearing Balance and Communication · doi:10.1080/21695717.2019.1630982 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Biot, L., Cardon, E., Jacxsens, L., Gilles, A., Rompaey, V. V., & Lammers, M. J. W. (2026) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2026.1713335 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Asymmetry in the Perception of Electrical Chirps Presented to Cochlear Implant Listeners
Šodan, A., Meunier, S., Péan, V., Lavieille, J., Roman, S., & Macherey, O. (2024) · Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology · doi:10.1007/s10162-024-00952-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Auditory system reorganization following cochlear implant in children with pre-lingual deafness
Karimi, M., Ahadi, M., Bayat, A., & Saki, N. (2018) · Biomedical Research - India · doi:10.4066/biomedicalresearch.29-17-2968 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Development and significance of the spatial auditory change complex in adult cochlear implant users
Mathew, R. (2019) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Recordings of Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials in Cochlear Implant Listeners: A Preliminary Study
Lee, J. Y., Yang, C. J., Lee, H. S., Lim, W. S., Moon, H., Nam, S. J., & Park, H. J. (2016) · Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.3342/kjorl-hns.2016.59.6.430
Present Audiological Practices and Paths Toward Better Measures and Precision Medicine Approaches
Gifford, R. H. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-67188-3_11
Enhanced detection of envelope-following responses for objective fitting of cochlear-implant users
Schott, J., Gransier, R., Moonen, M., & Wouters, J. M. (2025) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/adc6be
Garcia, C., Sismono, F., Goehring, T., Guérit, F., Arzounian, D., & Carlyon, R. P. (2025) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/mfbg3_v1
Arzounian, D., Guérit, F., Deeks, J. M., Garcia, C., Groote, E. D., Bance, M., & Carlyon, R. P. (2025) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2025.109338
Cochlear Implants: Psychophysical Measures from Activation to Long-Term Management
Maruthurkkara, S. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-8671-1_17
Távora‐Vieira, D., Bogdanov, C., Connolly, P. F., & Acharya, A. N. (2025) · Otology & Neurotology · doi:10.1097/mao.0000000000004766
Salorio‐Corbetto, M., Eitutis, S. T., Tam, Y. C., Carlyon, R. P., Deeks, J. M., Vickers, D., Vanat, Z. H., Bysouth‐Young, D., Clarke, N., Ayas, M., et al. (2025) · Otology & Neurotology · doi:10.1097/mao.0000000000004698
Measured Thresholds for Setting the Lower Stimulation Levels in a MED-EL Cochlear Implant Recipient
Antony, P., Puttabasappa, M., Geetha, C., Palani, S., & Megha (2025) · Journal of Indian Speech Language & Hearing Association · doi:10.4103/jisha.jisha_11_25
Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potentials (ECAPs)
Garcia, C. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-15719-5_7
Thangaraj, M., Priscilla, V., & Johnson, J. (2026) · CoDAS · doi:10.1590/2317-1782/e20250106en
Waśniewska, A., Rosiak, O., Pepaś, R., Niewiadomska, K., & Konopka, W. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15207833
- Authors
- Visram, A. S., Innes-Brown, H., El-Deredy, W., & McKay, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board (GB)
- Bionics Institute (AU)
- Corresponding author
- McKay, Colette M.
- Venue
- Hearing Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-09
- Volume
- 327
- Pages
- 35-42
- ISSN
- 0378-5955 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W295128937
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 1.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Hearing Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board
- University of Manchester and Cochlear
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Hearing Impairment and Communication
- Keywords
- cortical auditory evoked potentials, cochlear implants, behavioral hearing thresholds, global field power, amplitude growth function, cochlear implant programming, pulse trains
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Threshold, Cochlear Implants, Cochlear Nerve, Electric Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychoacoustics, Reaction Time, Time Factors, Cochlear Implantation, Persons With Hearing Impairments, Persons with Hearing Disabilities
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
