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Clumps in the outer disk by disk instability: Why they are initially gas giants and the legacy of disruption

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Boley, Aaron C., Hayfield, Tristen, Mayer, Lucio, Durisen, Richard H.·2010·Icarus

Abstract

Abstract We explore the initial conditions for fragments in the extended regions ( r ≳ 50 AU ) of gravitationally unstable disks. We combine analytic estimates for the fragmentation of spiral arms with 3D SPH simulations to show that initial fragment masses are in the gas giant regime. These initial fragments will have substantial angular momentum, and should form disks with radii of a few AU. We show that clumps will survive for multiple orbits before they undergo a second, rapid collapse due to H 2 dissociation and that it is possible to destroy bound clumps by transporting them into the inner disk. The consequences of disrupted clumps for planet formation, dust processing, and disk evolution are discussed. We argue that it is possible to produce Earth-mass cores in the outer disk during the earliest phases of disk evolution.

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Citations

Cites

  • On the Gravitational Stability of a Disk of Stars

    Toomre, A. (1964) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/147861 · Cited by 3,349 · cited 2×

    “In contrast, fragmentation in the outer, extended disk (r & 50 AU) becomes quite possible if the Toomre (1964) Q can be driven toward unity by, e.g., mass loading (Boley, 2009).”
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Metadata

Authors
Boley, A. C., Hayfield, T., Mayer, L., & Durisen, R. H.
Venue
Icarus
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010-06
Volume
207
Issue
2
Pages
509-516
ISSN
0019-1035 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2057550214
Cited by
265
References
1
FWCI
15.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Clumps in the outer disk by disk instability: Why they are initially gas giants and the legacy of disruption. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.015
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Boley, A. C., Hayfield, T., Mayer, L., & Durisen, R. H. (2010). Clumps in the outer disk by disk instability: Why they are initially gas giants and the legacy of disruption. Icarus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.015

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