Thermal stability of chymosin or microbial coagulant in the manufacture of Malatya, a Halloumi type cheese: Proteolysis, microstructure and functional properties
Abstract
The thermal inactivation behaviour of calf rennet and Rhizomucor miehei protease and the effects of different concentrations of these enzymes on chemical composition, proteolysis, microstructure, hardness and meltability of Malatya cheese were studied. Thermal stability and inactivation behaviour of the two enzymes were different and influenced the level of proteolysis during ripening and the meltability of the cheeses. This influence depended not only on the type of coagulant, but also on its concentration. Salt and protein contents and pH of the cheeses were influenced by the type and concentration of the coagulant enzyme. Only small effects on the microstructure of the cheeses were visualised, also related to the type and concentration of coagulant enzyme. Hardness of the cheeses was influenced by the type and concentration of the coagulant as well. In conclusion, the microbial coagulant provided a higher level of thermal stability, proteolysis and meltability values than calf rennet.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The firmness of the gel produced by microbial coagulants is lower than that produced by calf rennet.
“Previous studies (Jacob et al., 2011;Hayaloglu et al., 2014;Rangnoi et al., 2014;Zhang et al., 2019) have shown that the firmness of the gel produced by microbial coagulants is lower than that produced by calf rennet.”
From Invited review: Milk-clotting enzymes of microbial origin and their role in cheesemaking-A review. (2025) · cites this paper as Hayaloglu et al., 2014
Malatya cheese made using Rh. miehei MCE has a softer texture than that made using conventional rennet.
“Malatya cheese made using Rh.miehei MCE has a softer texture than that made using conventional rennet (Hayaloglu et al., 2014).”
From Invited review: Milk-clotting enzymes of microbial origin and their role in cheesemaking-A review. (2025) · cites this paper as Hayaloglu et al., 2014
Cites
Fundamentals of Cheese Science
Fox, P. F., Guinee, T. P., Cogan, T. M., & McSweeney, P. L. H. (2017) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7681-9 · Cited by 1,922 · see citing works
Texture development during cheese ripening
Lawrence, R. C., Creamer, L. K., & Gilles, J. (1987) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(87)80207-2 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Rheological Evaluation of Maturing Cheddar Cheese
CREAMER, L. K., & OLSON, N. F. (1982) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1982.tb10138.x · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Microbiology and Biochemistry of Cheese and Fermented Milk
(1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1121-8 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Microbiological, biochemical and technological properties of Turkish White cheese ‘Beyaz Peynir’
Hayaloğlu, A. A., Güven, M., & Fox, P. F. (2002) · International Dairy Journal · doi:10.1016/s0958-6946(02)00055-9 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Rudan, M. A., Barbano, D. M., Yun, J. J., & Kindstedt, P. S. (1999) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(99)75282-3 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
O’Mahony, J. A., Lucey, J. A., & McSweeney, P. L. H. (2005) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)72992-1 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Changes in the Proportions of Soluble and Insoluble Calcium During the Ripening of Cheddar Cheese
Hassan, A. H., Johnson, M. E., & Lucey, J. A. (2004) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73229-4 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Proteolysis and Rheology of Low Fat and Full Fat Mozzarella Cheeses Prepared from Homogenized Milk
Tunick, M. H., Malin, E. L., Smith, P. W., Shieh, J. J., Sullivan, B. C., Mackey, K. L., & Holsinger, V. H. (1993) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(93)77703-6 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Madadlou, A., Khosroshahi, A., & Mousavi, M. (2005) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)72986-6 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Şahan, N., Yaşar, K., Hayaloğlu, A. A., Karaca, O. B., & Kaya, A. (2007) · Journal of Dairy Research · doi:10.1017/s0022029907002786 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Rennets: their role in milk coagulation and cheese ripening
Fox, P. F., & McSweeney, P. L. H. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1121-8_1 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Sousa, M. J., & Malcata, F. X. (1997) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf9506601 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Dave, R. I., McMahon, D. J., Oberg, C. J., & Broadbent, J. R. (2003) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(03)73590-5 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Suitability of some microbial coagulants for Feta cheese manufacture
Alichanidis, E., Anifantakis, E. M., Polychroniadou, A., & Nanou, M. (1984) · Journal of Dairy Research · doi:10.1017/s0022029900023402 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Effect of pH on the Gelation Properties of Skim Milk Gels Made From Plant Coagulants and Chymosin
Esteves, C. L., Lucey, J. A., Wang, T., & Pires, E. (2003) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(03)73850-8 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Contribution of coagulant to proteolysis and textural changes in Cheddar cheese during ripening
Lane, C. N., Fox, P. F., Johnston, D. E., & McSweeney, P. L. H. (1997) · International Dairy Journal · doi:10.1016/s0958-6946(97)00041-1 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Kindstedt, P. S., Yun, J. J., Barbano, D. M., & Larose, K. L. (1995) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(95)76887-4 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Hayaloğlu, A. A., & Brechany, E. Y. (2007) · Le Lait · doi:10.1051/lait:2006025 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Effects of coagulant type on the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of Kashar cheese
Yaşar, K., & Güzeler, N. (2011) · International Journal of Dairy Technology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0307.2011.00679.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Kim, S.-Y., Gunasekaran, S., & OLSON, N. F. (2004) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73166-5 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Milk-Clotting Enzymes. 1. Proteolysis During Cheese Making in Relation to Estimated Losses of Yield
Emmons, D. B., Beckett, D. C., & Binns, M. R. (1990) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(90)78879-0 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Oluk, C. A., Güven, M., & Hayaloğlu, A. A. (2013) · International Journal of Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1111/ijfs.12320 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Hayaloğlu, A. A., Deegan, K. C., & McSweeney, P. L. H. (2010) · Dairy Science and Technology · doi:10.1051/dst/2009052 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Thermal inactivation of chymosin during cheese manufacture
Hayes, M. G., Oliveira, J., McSweeney, P., & Kelly, A. (2002) · Journal of Dairy Research · doi:10.1017/s0022029902005472 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
O’Mahony, J. A., Sousa-Gallagher, M. J., & McSweeney, P. L. H. (2003) · International Journal of Dairy Technology · doi:10.1046/j.1471-0307.2003.00078.x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Hynes, E. R., Meinardi, C. A., Sabbag, N. G., Cattaneo, T. M. P., Candioti, M. C., & Zalazar, C. A. (2001) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(01)70163-4 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
INFLUENCE OF RENNET CONCENTRATION ON RIPENING CHARACTERISTICS OF HALLOUMI CHEESE
Güven, M., Cadun, C., Karaca, O. B., & Hayaloğlu, A. A. (2008) · Journal of Food Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1745-4514.2008.00187.x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Proteolytic Activities of Suparen and Rennilase on Buffalo, Cow, and Goat Whole Casein and β-Casein
Awad, S., Qiaoqian, P. E. N. G., & Puhan, Z. (1999) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf981365u · Cited by 14 · see citing works
USE OF DIAMIDE IN DETERMINING THE SHELF LIFE OF REFRIGERATED CHICKEN
WAN, C., Collins, E. B., & Brant, A. W. (1976) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1976.tb00686.x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Influence of milk clotting enzyme in proteolysis during ripening of Cremoso Argentino cheese
Hynes, E. R., Delacroix-Buchet, A., & Zalazar, C. (2001) · HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Milk coagulant retention in mozzarella cheese and curd
Gangopadhyay, S., & Thakar, P. N. (1991) · Australian Journal of Dairy Technology · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 34 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Therapeutic potential of popular fermented dairy products and its benefits on human health
Saleem, G., Gu, R., Qu, H., Khaskheli, G. B., Rajput, I. R., Qasim, M., & Chen, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1328620 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Advances in research on calf rennet substitutes and their effects on cheese quality
Liu, X., Wu, Y., Guan, R., Jia, G., Ma, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2021) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110704 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Deshwal, G. K., Ameta, R., Sharma, H., Singh, A. K., Panjagari, N. R., & Baria, B. (2020) · LWT · doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109341 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Kumari Narwal, R., Bhushan, B., Pal, A., Panwar, A., & Malhotra, S. (2016) · LWT · doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2015.08.065 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Influence of curd heating on proteolysis and volatiles of Kashkaval cheese
Sulejmani, E., & Hayaloğlu, A. A. (2016) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.054 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Tong, Y., Wang, J., Lyu, X., & Yang, R. (2021) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2020-19756 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Cheese Varieties Ripened Under Brine
Hayaloğlu, A. A. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-417012-4.00039-9 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Soltani, M., Şahingil, D., Gokce, Y., & Hayaloğlu, A. A. (2019) · Journal of Food Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13197-018-3513-3 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Zhao, X., Zheng, Z., Zhang, J., Sarwar, A., Aziz, T., & Yang, Z. (2019) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.1003 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
GÜMÜŞ, P., & Hayaloğlu, A. A. (2019) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2018-15671 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Erkaya, T., Gürbüz, Z., Daǧdemi̇r, E., & Şengül, M. (2023) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102895 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Purification and characteristics of a new milk-clotting enzyme from Bacillus licheniformis BL312
Zhang, Y., Xia, Y., Ding, Z., H. Lai, P. F., Wang, G., Xiong, Z., Liu, X., & Ai, L. (2019) · LWT · doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108276 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Soltani, M., Şahingil, D., Gokce, Y., & Hayaloğlu, A. A. (2016) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2016-11179 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Narwal, R., Bhushan, B., Pal, A., Malhotra, S., Kumar, S., & Saharan͙, V. (2016) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.025 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Santamarina-García, G., Amores, G., de Armentia, E. L., Hernández, I., & Virto, M. (2022) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani12223224 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Pleurotus albidus: A new source of milk-clotting proteases
Martim, S. R., Larissa, S. C. S., Leilane, B. D. S., Edson, J. D. C., Alecrim, M. M., de Vasconcellos, M. C., Ila, M. D. A. O., & Maria, F. S. T. (2017) · African Journal of Microbiology Research · doi:10.5897/ajmr2017.8520 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Ali, A. H., Abu‐Jdayil, B., Bamigbade, G. B., Kamal‐Eldin, A., Hamed, F., Huppertz, T., Liu, S., & Ayyash, M. M. (2023) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2023-23795 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Xia, Y., Lai, P. F. H., Liu, X., Xiong, Z., Liu, J., & Ai, L. (2019) · Annals of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s13213-019-01513-3 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Mousavi, R. S., Nateghi, L., Soltani, M., & Asgarpanah, J. (2022) · Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization · doi:10.1007/s11694-022-01732-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Determınatıon of some basıc propertıes of tradıtıonal malatya cheese
Köse, Ş., Ceylan, M. M., Altun, İ., & Köse, Y. E. (2021) · Food Science and Technology · doi:10.1590/fst.03921 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Türkmen, D., & Güler, Z. (2022) · International Dairy Journal · doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105408 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Xia, Y., Liu, X., Xiong, Z., Wang, S., Zhang, N., & Ai, L. (2019) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06114 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Hu, J., Wang, J., Liu, C., Liu, X., Sun, J., Song, X., & Wu, Y. (2023) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2023-23450 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Kinetic modeling of macroelement concentration of Malatya cheese produced by traditional method
YAŞAR, D., Köse, Y. E., & Köse, Ş. (2021) · Journal of Food Processing and Preservation · doi:10.1111/jfpp.16021 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Tondhoush, A., Soltani, M., Azarikia, F., Rad, A. H., & Karami, M. (2023) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.3769 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Wang, J., He, J., Liu, X., Sun, J., Song, X., & Wu, Y. (2023) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113202 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Invited review: Milk-clotting enzymes of microbial origin and their role in cheesemaking-A review.
Wiśniewski, P., Małkowska-Kowalczyk, M., Łobacz, A., Zadernowska, A., & Żulewska, J. (2025) · Journal of dairy science · doi:10.3168/jds.2025-26973 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Osuna‐Ruíz, I., Tiznado-Garzón, R., Salazar‐Leyva, J. A., García‐Magaña, M. D. L., Benítez-García, I., Moreno-Hernández, J. M., Bañuelos-Vargas, I., Hernández, C., & Montaño, E. M. (2023) · Food and Bioprocess Technology · doi:10.1007/s11947-023-03030-3 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Impact of Different Milk Types and Storage Period on the Quality Characteristics of Malatya Cheese
Aydoğan, E., Ayrancı, V. K., Salum, P., & Erbay, Z. (2025) · Dairy · doi:10.3390/dairy6040030 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
El-Aidie, S. A.-A. M., Castro‐Muñoz, R., Abu‐Jdayil, B., & El-Dieb, S. M. (2024) · International Dairy Journal · doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2024.105995 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Narwal, R. K., Bhushan, B., Pal, A. K., & Malhotra, S. P. (2016) · Journal of Food Process Engineering · doi:10.1111/jfpe.12356 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Microstructure of kajmak skin layer made during kajmak production
Radovanović, M., Nedeljkovic, A., Miocinovic, J. B., Pavlović, V. B., & Pudja, P. D. (2020) · Mljekarstvo/Mljekarstvo.com · doi:10.15567/mljekarstvo.2020.0302 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Yang, Y., Yu, M., Xing, F., Zhang, L., Dong, W., & Wang, X. (2025) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2025-26666 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Standardisation of traditional rennet produced from sheep abomasum
Salık, M. A., & Çakmakçı, S. (2023) · International Dairy Journal · doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2023.105705 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Soltani, M., Saremnezhad, S., Kanmaz, H., Tekin, A., Gökçe, Y., Kaya, B., Şahingil, D., & Hayaloğlu, A. A. (2023) · International Dairy Journal · doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2023.105821 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Çelik, S. Y. (2021) · International Food Research Journal · doi:10.47836/ifrj.28.4.04 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gökçe, Ö., Bayana, D., Küçükçetin, A., & Gürsoy, O. (2022) · Akademik Gıda · doi:10.24323/akademik-gida.1224343 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Anihouvi, S. E. L., & Kesenkaş, H. (2023) · Food and Humanity · doi:10.1016/j.foohum.2023.05.021 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Farahian, N., Hanifian, S., Khiabani, M. S., Shayegh, J., & Gharekhani, M. (2025) · International Dairy Journal · doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2025.106314 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Atasoy, A. F., Hayaloğlu, A. A., Ceylan, H. G., & Çiçek, M. (2021) · Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.15832/ankutbd.605018 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Optimization of stretching process for improve the textural characteristics of Kashar cheese
Çelebi, M., & Şimşek, B. (2023) · Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society · doi:10.12681/jhvms.30233
YAŞAR, D., & Köse, Ş. (2024) · GIDA / THE JOURNAL OF FOOD · doi:10.15237/gida.gd24026
Cheese Varieties Ripened Under Brine
Hayaloğlu, A. A. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15956-5.00001-4
Microbiological Analysis, Textural Evaluation, and Cholesterol Content of Kandirif Cheese
Özdemir, C., Öz, F., Karaoğlu, M. M., Özdemir, S., & TAJER, A. (2026) · Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.33462/jotaf.1644206
Saleem, S. S., Rahman, M. B. A., Leow, T. C., Noor, N. D. M., Salleh, A. B., & Oslan, S. N. (2026) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.150240
Evaluating the physicochemical impact of gamma irradiation on Indonesian artisan cheese
Saputri, D. S., Pratiwi, D., Badrun, R. M., Indirasari, R., Cahyaningsih, Barido, F. H., & Wahyono, T. (2026) · Radiation Physics and Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.114314
- Authors
- Hayaloglu, A. A., Karatekin, B., & Gurkan, H.
- Affiliations
- Inonu University (TR)
- ORCID
- Gurkan, H.
- Venue
- International Dairy Journal
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-10
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 136-144
- ISSN
- 0958-6946 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2024531260
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 3.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Dairy Journal (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Inönü Üniversitesi
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Proteins in Food Systems
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Enzyme Production and Characterization
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Advanced Scientific Research Methods
- Keywords
- chymosin, microbial coagulants, calf rennet, thermal stability, thermal inactivation, proteolysis, cheese microstructure, cheese hardness, cheese meltability, Halloumi cheese, cheese ripening, cheese composition
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review