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About The Importance of Autonomy and Digital Twins for the Future of Manufacturing
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Industrie 4.0 - the “brand” name of the German initiative driving the future of manufacturing - is one of several initiatives around the globe emphasizing the importance of industrial manufacturing for economy and society. Besides the socio-economical if not political question which has to be answered - including the question about the future of labor - there are a couple of substantial technical and technological questions that have to be taken care of as well.
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“In Table 1 seven articles developed ' ad-hoc ' systems to build DT: for the management of a didactic production line [26], to construct a MES in Android systems [43], to build user guides for safety reason [60,62], and to evaluate the performances of a cloud-based DT [74,75];”
From Review of digital twin applications in manufacturing (2019) · cites this paper as [62]
In the citing paper
“For this aspect, the articles considered can be divided into two different categories: (i) those that effectively use a cloud and build a cloud-based DT application, marked in the table as [27,34,37,43,47,48,54,56,62,67,74-76], (ii) those that construct the DT application in a virtual space with the use of a software highlighting the possibility to build it also in a cloud”
From Review of digital twin applications in manufacturing (2019) · cites this paper as [62]
In the citing paper
“Also, there are papers that mainly belong to the first group but also offer services of the second group ([39,40,50,70]), and vice versa ([56,61,62]).”
From Review of digital twin applications in manufacturing (2019) · cites this paper as [62]
In the citing paper
“It can also be implemented for its capability to represent and deal with a continuous flow of data [48] [49].”
From Digital Twin in the IoT Context: A Survey on Technical Features, Scenarios, and Architectural Models (2020) · cites this paper as [48]
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Siemens 2014. A worldwide production language, Siemens Industry Journal, 01 | 2014 | siemens.com/industry
- Tenorth, 2013, KnowRob – A Knowledge Processing Infrastructure for Cognition-enabled Robots, International Journal of Robotics Research (IJRR), 32
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MethodResource Requirements of an Edge-based Digital Twin Service: An Experimental Study
Mungari, F., Groshev, M., & Chiasserini, C. (2022) · Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware · doi:10.1016/j.vrih.2022.05.005 · Cited by 8
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Sturm, C., Steck, M., Bremer, F., Revfi, S., Nelius, T., Gwosch, T., Albers, A., & Matthiesen, S. (2021) · Proceedings of the Design Society · doi:10.1017/pds.2021.78 · Cited by 8
“In most definitions, a digital twin consists of three main parts: physical product, virtual model, and connected data that tie and indissolubly connect the physical and virtual model (Schleich et al., 2017; Boschert and Rosen, 2016; Rosen et al., 2015; Glaessgen and Stargel; Grieves and Vickers, 2017).”
BackgroundEvaluation of the Maintainability Aspect of Industry 4.0 Service-oriented Production
Esper, K., & Schnicke, F. (2020) · 2020 IEEE International Conference on Industry 4.0, Artificial Intelligence, and Communications Technology (IAICT) · doi:10.1109/iaict50021.2020.9172010 · Cited by 8
“[10], which introduced examples of autonomy enabled by digital twins that leads to increased efficiency in production planning and control [11].”
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Real-time field synchronization mechanism for Digital Twin manufacturing systems
Abdoune, F., Cardin, O., Nouiri, M., & Castagna, P. (2023) · IFAC-PapersOnLine · doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.487 · Cited by 8
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Imran, A., Kim, S., Woo, J.-H., & Yi, B. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3210247 · Cited by 8
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BackgroundTowards a Holistic Framework for Digital Twins of Human-Machine Systems
Ascone, C., & Vanderhaegen, F. (2022) · IFAC-PapersOnLine · doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.10.233 · Cited by 11
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Ciavotta, M., Maso, G. D., Rovere, D., Tsvetanov, R., & Menato, S. (2020) · Microservices, Science and Engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-31646-4_11 · Cited by 8
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Kaul, T., Bender, A., & Sextro, W. (2019) · Proceedings of the 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL) · doi:10.3850/978-981-11-2724-3_0876-cd · Cited by 8
“Besides these approaches, digital twins often lack a useful synchronization between virtual and physical world and the capability to gather and process large data sets Schleich et al. (2017). The maintenance of complex technical systems relies on health monitoring of critical components, which are identified during de…”
BackgroundMethodTemporal Logic (TL)-Based Autonomy for Smart Manufacturing Systems
Bank, H. S., D'souza, S., & Rasam, A. (2018) · Procedia Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2018.07.159 · Cited by 9
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Lapuente, G. A., Avinzano, P. M., Lambán, M., & Seneviratne, D. (2025) · Future generations computer systems · doi:10.1016/j.future.2025.107997 · Cited by 7
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Hamel, C., Ahsan, M., & Raman, S. (2024) · arXiv.org · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2411.01299 · Cited by 7
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A discrete-event simulation study for pre-hospital emergency systems
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Hurley, R., Maxwell, D., McLellan, J., Wilson, F. D., & Beverley, J. (2024) · Joint Ontology Workshops · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2405.00960 · Cited by 7
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BackgroundNaderi, H., Ly, R., & Shojaei, A. (2024) · Construction Research Congress 2024 · doi:10.1061/9780784485262.031 · Cited by 7
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“Rosen et al. discussed the importance of autonomy and digital twins for the future of manufacturing [43].”
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“To overcome the problem of process control, among many others, digitization of the physical domain can be one of the solutions [130, 131, 125, 132].”
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Marjanovic, M. A., Stojadinović, S. M., & Zivanovic, S. T. (2023) · Modelling—International Open Access Journal of Modelling in Engineering Science · doi:10.3390/modelling4030022 · Cited by 6
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“The concept of digital twins was first introduced by NASA and DARPA’s Apollo project [1].”
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KOÇAK, A., & Yıldız, A. (2022) · Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C Tasarım ve Teknoloji · doi:10.29109/gujsc.1170021 · Cited by 7
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BackgroundMobile and adaptive User interface for human robot collaboration in assembly tasks
Monakhov, D., Latokartano, J., Lanz, M., Pieters, R., & Kämäräinen, J. (2021) · International Conference on Advanced Robotics · doi:10.1109/icar53236.2021.9659401 · Cited by 6
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Industry 4.0 solutions supporting Circular Economy
Rocca, R., Rosa, P., Sassanelli, C., Fumagalli, L., & Terzi, S. (2020) · International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation · doi:10.1109/ice/itmc49519.2020.9198517 · Cited by 6
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BackgroundSystem Thinking Approach for Digital Twin Analysis
Bianconi, C., Bonci, A., Monteriù, A., Pirani, M., Prist, M., & Taccari, L. (2020) · IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC) · doi:10.1109/ice/itmc49519.2020.9198392 · Cited by 12
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Song, X.-Y., Jiang, T., Schlegel, S., & Westermann, D. (2019) · IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe · doi:10.1109/isgteurope.2019.8905551 · Cited by 6
Conceptual Framework for Ubiquitous Cyber-Physical Assembly Systems in Airframe Assembly
Sanderson, D., Chaplin, J., & Ratchev, S. (2018) · IFAC-PapersOnLine · doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.08.331 · Cited by 6
Review on the Application of Industry 4.0 Digital Twin Technology to the Quality Management
Ying, Q., & Park, S. (2017) · Journal of the Korean society for quality management · doi:10.7469/jksqm.2017.45.4.601 · Cited by 6
Tanase, A., & Croitoru, C. V. (2025) · E3S Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202560801004 · Cited by 7
Agavanakis, K., Cassia, J., Drombry, M., & Elkaim, E. (2022) · TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: TMREES21Gr · doi:10.1063/5.0092279 · Cited by 6
Digital Twins modeling and simulation with Node-RED and Carla
Steinmetz, C., Schroeder, G. N., Binotto, A. P. D., Panikkar, S., Papenfuß, B., Schmidt, C., Rettberg, A., & Pereira, C. E. (2022) · IFAC-PapersOnLine · doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.09.190 · Cited by 11
Dynamic Data-Driven Digital Twin Modeling
Chhetri, S. R., & Faruque, M. A. A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-37962-9_7 · Cited by 6
Ferreira, L. A., Souto, M. A., Chappuis, C., & Khaldi, F. E. (2020) · doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2020.10.073 · Cited by 6
Stieler, D., Kosse, S., Forman, P., Kovaleva, D., Manny, A., Teschemacher, T., Stindt, J., Lindner, M., Vogt, O., Betker, V., et al. (2026) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2026.116044 · Cited by 5
Sprock, O. S. (2026) · International Multidisciplinary Journal of Emerging Technologies and Applications · doi:10.67294/w1jdxb80 · Cited by 4
“Existing literature often treats these domains in isolation, lacking a unified framework for continuous data and model exchange (Rosen, Von Wichert, Lo, & Bettenhausen, 2015; Madni & Sievers, 2018).”
Digital-twin–driven urban lifecycle paradigm: evidence from the Singapore–Nanjing eco Hi-Tech Island
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“…of tangible world constituents—individuals, entities, occurrences—and the establishment of a bidirectional correlation between the physical and virtual realms, thereby reconstructing the relationship between spatial entities and their digital counterparts (Rosen et al., 2015; Tao et al., 2018).”
Wang, Y., Schnabel, M. A., Zhang, Y.-J., Wang, K., & Guo, F.-Y. (2026) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings16040809 · Cited by 5
Badreddine, O., Radoine, H., & Hajji, R. (2026) · Smart Cities · doi:10.3390/smartcities9020023 · Cited by 5
“A Digital Twin is a virtual replica of a physical environment, system, or process that mirrors its real-time state and performance through continuous data exchange [24–26].”
Galera‐Zarco, C., & Moretti, N. (2025) · Journal of Enterprise Information Management · doi:10.1108/jeim-05-2024-0217 · Cited by 8
A Survey on Machine Learning Approaches for Personalized Coaching with Human Digital Twins
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Ermakov, S. V., Mulina, E. V., & Malinin, N. Z. (2025) · VESTNIK OF ASTRAKHAN STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY SERIES MARINE ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGIES · doi:10.24143/2073-1574-2025-2-48-58 · Cited by 5
Practices and Barriers to the Adoption of Digital Twin Construction in Latin America
Martinez, J. G., Giménez, Z., Salazar, L., Alva, L., Alarcón, L., Yeung, T., & Sacks, R. (2025) · Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction · doi:10.24928/2025/0238 · Cited by 5
“DT facilitates real-time data exchange, allowing for enhanced decision-making, predictive analytics, and optimisation of construction processes (Rosen et al., 2015).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Rosen, R., von Wichert, G., Lo, G., & Bettenhausen, K. D.
- Affiliations
- Siemens (Germany) (DE)
- Siemens (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rosen, Roland
- Lo, George
- Bettenhausen, Kurt D.
- Venue
- IFAC-PapersOnLine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 567-572
- ISSN
- 2405-8963 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2346505350
- Cited by
- 1,474
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 113 · 2025: 163 · 2024: 202 · 2023: 226 · 2022: 200 · 2021: 183 · 2020: 138 · 2019: 142 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 11
- FWCI
- 61.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- IFAC-PapersOnLine (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Digital Transformation in Industry
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Impact of AI and Big Data on Business and Society
- Keywords
- Industry 4.0, digital twin, future of manufacturing, future of work, industrial automation
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