Risk of myocardial infarction in women with pelvic inflammatory disease
Abstract
Background There is evidence that chronic inflammation may promote atherosclerotic disease. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a risk marker for myocardial infarction (MI).Method Using the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005 (LHID2005), this cohort study comprised patients with a recorded diagnosis of PID (N=68,668) between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2005, with age-matched controls (1:2) (N=136,906). Each patient was followed-up using entry data until the end of 2006. Cox proportional hazard regressions were used to evaluate the up to 3-year MI-free survival rates, after adjusting for known confounding factors.Results We found that patients with PID were more likely to have MI than the control population after adjusting for potential confounders [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23-2.81]. When stratified by patient's age, the adjusted HR for MI was 2.09 (95% CI, 1.24-3.52) for patients with PID aged over 55 years. However, the adjusted HR for MI occurring was not significant for patients with PID aged ≤ 55 years.Conclusions PID is a risk marker for MI that is independent of traditional MI risk factors. Further research in this important area of public health is warranted.
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Hysterectomy, treatment with GnRH agonists, PID, PCOS and adverse pregnancy outcomes are linked to higher CVD risk.
“Hysterectomy, treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, PID, PCOS and adverse pregnancy outcomes are linked to higher CVD risk.”
From Risk of cardiovascular outcomes among women with endometriosis in the United Kingdom: a retrospective matched cohort study (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
The exclusion of women with PID did not support findings of increased risk of CVD among women with PID reported in the literature.
“The exclusion of women with PID did not support findings of increased risk of CVD among women with PID reported in the literature. 17,34”
From Risk of cardiovascular outcomes among women with endometriosis in the United Kingdom: a retrospective matched cohort study (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
Certain reproductive factors, including endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, first trimester bleeding without miscarriage, and anaemia in pregnancy, have been linked to an increased risk of future cardiovascular disease events.
“Certain reproductive factors, including endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, first trimester bleeding without miscarriage, and anaemia in pregnancy, have been linked to an increased risk of future cardiovascular disease events”
From Association between the reproductive health of young women and cardiovascular disease in later life: umbrella review (2020) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- Liou, T.-H., Wu, C.-W., Hao, W.-R., Hsu, M.-I., Liu, J.-C., & Lin, H.-W.
- Affiliations
- Wan Fang Hospital (TW)
- Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital (TW)
- Soochow University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Lin, Hui-Wen
- Venue
- International Journal of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 167
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 416-420
- ISSN
- 0167-5273 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2154658026
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Taipei Medical University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis
- Keywords
- pelvic inflammatory disease, myocardial infarction, chronic inflammation, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular risk factors, women, risk indicators, age-stratified analysis
- MeSH terms
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Adolescent, Adult, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Case-Control Studies, Databases, Factual, Young Adult
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