Cited by 326Impact of Technology on AdolescentsChild Development and Digital TechnologyInnovative Human-Technology Interaction

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Do smartphone usage scales predict behavior?

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Ellis, David A., Davidson, Brittany I., Shaw, Heather, Geyer, Kristoffer·2019·International Journal of Human-Computer Studies

DOI 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2019.05.004

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Abstract

Understanding how people use technology remains important, particularly when measuring the impact this might have on individuals and society. However, despite a growing body of resources that can quantify smartphone use, research within psychology and social science overwhelmingly relies on self-reported assessments. These have yet to convincingly demonstrate an ability to predict objective behavior. Here, and for the first time, we compare a variety of smartphone use and ‘addiction’ scales with objective behaviors derived from Apple's Screen Time application. While correlations between psychometric scales and objective behavior are generally poor, single estimates and measures that attempt to frame technology use as habitual rather than ‘addictive’ correlate more favorably with subsequent behavior. We conclude that existing self-report instruments are unlikely to be sensitive enough to accurately predict basic technology use related behaviors. As a result, conclusions regarding the psychological impact of technology are unreliable when relying solely on these measures to quantify typical usage.

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Health and Behaviour Change
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Introduction
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Conclusion
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Cognition
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Authors: Ellis, D. A., Davidson, B. I., Shaw, H., & Geyer, K.
Affiliations: Lancaster University (GB)
University of Bath (GB)
University of Lincoln (GB)
Corresponding author: Ellis, David A.
ORCID: Ellis, David A.
Davidson, Brittany I.
Shaw, Heather
Venue: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2019-10
Volume: 130
Pages: 86-92
ISSN: 1071-5819 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2019.05.004
OpenAlex: W2942805235
Semantic Scholar: 0d1a5d44d54de6b5dce0722f1880e3e00a6ce4cd
Cited by: 326
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 34 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 18
FWCI: 95.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies (publishedVersion)
Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (submittedVersion)
Pure (University of Bath) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
Keywords: smartphone use, self-report measures, technology addiction, habit, scale validity

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