Microscopic observation of frost behaviors at the early stage of frost formation on hydrophobic surfaces
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When the experimental study is changed to a plate surface, frost accumulation is the total melted water absorbed with an absorbent.
“When the experimental study is changed to on plate surface, frost accumulation is the total melted water that has been absorbed with an absorbent [115].”
From Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics (2018) · cites this paper as [115]
In open literature, most scholars regarded the total mass of melted frost as frost accumulation for further calculations.
“Therefore, in open literature, most scholars regarded the total mass of the melted frost as frost accumulation, to conduct further calculations [2,101,103,115,120,124,125].”
From Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics (2018) · cites this paper as [115]
The low accuracy of frost layer thickness measurement may result from the frost layer always being uneven during the entire frosting process, regardless of plate surface type.
“This may result from the fact that the frost layer is always uneven during the entire frosting process, regardless of the types of plate surfaces, as seen in Fig. 13 (a) [115], (b) [117], (c) [116], and (d) [106].”
From Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics (2018) · cites this paper as [115]
Kim et al. used measured seed height, number, and radius to calculate seed volume and derive frost density by dividing measured water mass by seed volume.
“Therefore, in the microscopic observation of frost behaviors at the early stage of frost formation on hydrophobic surfaces, Kim et al. [115] used the measured seed height, number, and radius to calculate the seed volume, and to derive the frost density by dividing the measured water mass by the seed volume.”
From Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics (2018) · cites this paper as [115]
The top-view radius and side-view calculated radius were in good agreement within an error of 5%, confirming that Kim et al.'s measurement was not overestimated.
“As demonstrated, they were in good agreement with each other, within an error of 5%, thereby confirming that their measurement was not overestimated.”
From Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics (2018) · cites this paper as [115]
To further minimize error, the radius measured from the top view was compared with the calculated radius using frost height measured from the side view.
“To further minimize the error, the radius measured from the top view was compared with the calculated radius by employing the frost height, which was measured from the side view.”
From Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics (2018) · cites this paper as [115]
The seed height was averaged by measuring the leading edge (1 cm), middle (1 cm), and rear (1 cm) of the sample.
“The seed height was finally averaged by measuring the leading edge (1 cm), the middle (1 cm), and the rear (1 cm) of the sample.”
From Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics (2018) · cites this paper as [115]
To obtain total number of seeds, the number of seeds per unit area was calculated by counting at five different areas (0.01 cm2) and multiplied by total sample area (25 cm2).
“Therefore, to obtain the total number of seeds on the sample, the number of the seeds per unit area was calculated by counting the number of the seeds at five different areas (0.01 cm 2 ); the result was then multiplied by the total sample area (25 cm 2 ).”
From Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics (2018) · cites this paper as [115]
To decrease measuring error, Kim et al. measured seed radius at five different areas, with maximum radii of 10 seeds per area, averaging 50 seeds in total.
“To decrease the measuring error, the seed radius was measured at five different areas on the sample; for each area, the maximum radii of 10 seeds were measured. This means the radii of 50 seeds, in total, were averaged.”
From Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics (2018) · cites this paper as [115]
During the early stage of a frost formation process, as the surface contact angle increases, the average height and number of water droplets increase, but the average radius of water droplets decreases.
“during the early stage of a frost formation process, the average height and number of water droplets were increased, but the average radius of water droplets decreased as the surface contact angle was increased [87].”
From Frosting mechanism and behaviors on surfaces with simple geometries: A state-of-the-art literature review (2022) · cites this paper as [87]
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Self-citationA generalized simple model for predicting frost growth on cold flat plate
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Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics
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Self-citationFrost growth behavior according to the cold surface inclination angle
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Defrosting behavior and performance on vertical plate for surfaces of varying wettability
Kim, H., Jin, G., Jeon, J., Lee, K.-S., & Kim, D. R. (2018) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.12.054 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
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“Several studies have investigated the effect of low temperature and humidity on the adhesion coefficient of the wheel and rail [20, 21], and they have found that the H 2 O in the airflow can transform into water droplets or even form frost that freezes into ice when the cold surface is exposed to…”
Wang, F., Xiang, M., & Yang, W. (2024) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.121881 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Preparation and applicability of a flexible PDMS superhydrophobic layer
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A New Approach to Delay or Prevent Frost Formation in Membranes
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Frost layer growth behavior study on a cryogenic surface with water vapor content <1000 ppmv
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“H. Kim et al. (2016) used two high-resolution cameras to observe droplets; one was placed over the over a cut out in the top of their wind tunnel, while the other was place in front of a second cut out in the side.”
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Time acceleration methodology for rapid simulation of frost formation with experimental validation
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- Authors
- Kim, H., Kim, D., Jang, H., Kim, D. R., & Lee, K.-S.
- Affiliations
- Hanyang University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Kwan-Soo
- Venue
- International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 97
- Pages
- 861-867
- ISSN
- 0017-9310 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2330439752
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 6.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (2013R1A2A2A01067816)
- Korea Institute of Energy Research (B5-2601)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Icing and De-icing Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies
- Keywords
- frost formation, hydrophobic surfaces, superhydrophobicity, contact angle, air-source heat pump, frost density
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