The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Why can’t we be friends?: Multicultural attitudes and friendships with international students
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Williams and Johnson (2011) found fraternity/sorority members showed significantly lower levels of open-mindedness (in other words,”
From The Influence of Fraternity and Sorority Involvement: A Critical Analysis of Research (1996–2013) (2014) · cites this paper as Williams & Johnson, 2011
Citations
Cites
A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology.
Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960) · Journal of Consulting Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0047358 · Cited by 8,686
Immigration, Acculturation, and Adaptation
Berry, J. W. (1997) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.1997.tb01087.x · Cited by 8,437
Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research
Smart, J. C. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5666-6 · Cited by 2,368
Rokeach, M. (1960) · Cited by 2,349
Towards an Interactive Acculturation Model: A Social Psychological Approach
Bourhis, R. Y., Moïse, L. C., Perreault, S., & Senécal, S. (1997) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/002075997400629 · Cited by 1,557
Yeh, C. J., & Inose, M. (2003) · Counselling Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1080/0951507031000114058 · Cited by 1,150
Theories in Intercultural Communication.
Kim, Y. Y., & Gudykunst, W. B. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 919
Has Racism Declined in America?
McConahay, J. B., Hardee, B. B., & Batts, V. A. (1981) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/002200278102500401 · Cited by 764
Ward, C. A., & Kennedy, A. (1994) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/0147-1767(94)90036-1 · Cited by 763
Influences on Students' Openness to Diversity and Challenge in the First Year of College
Pascarella, E. T., Edison, M. I., Nora, A., Hagedorn, L. S., & Terenzini, P. T. (1996) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.1080/00221546.1996.11780255 · Cited by 471
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 50 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Lulat, 1985, International students in comparative perspective: Toward a political economy of international study, Vol. 1, 439
- Shabahang, 1993, Perceptions of American students, faculty, and administrators on the impact of international students on selected community colleges, Dissertation Abstracts International, 54, 1209
- Ward, C. (2001). The impact of international students on domestic students and host institutions: A literature review. Report for the Ministry of Education. Wellington: Ministry of Education.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 239
Assisting International Migrants with Everyday Information Seeking: From the Providers’ Lens
Zhang, Y., & Gao, G. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-57867-0_26 · Cited by 7
Li, A., Nguyen, C., & Choi, J. (2019) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci8080234 · Cited by 7
How Do We Define Intercultural Competence?
Lantz-Deaton, C., & Golubeva, I. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57446-8_4 · Cited by 7
Rhoden, M., & Kinchington, F. (2021) · Journal of International Students · doi:10.32674/jis.v11i4.2398 · Cited by 7
Adaptation of International Students to University Reality in Kazakhstan (on the Example of WKMU)
Gahwal, J. K., Urkunova, A., Jenalayeva, G., Kupenova, A., & Nurgaliyeva, G. (2021) · Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies · doi:10.32996/jhsss.2021.3.5.4 · Cited by 7
Learning from Peers around the Globe without Leaving Campus
Eppler, M. A., & Cavanaugh, S. A. (2012) · Psychology Learning & Teaching · doi:10.2304/plat.2012.11.3.370 · Cited by 7
See, Y. H. M., & Wade, W. P. (2021) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12464 · Cited by 7
Multiculturalism in dominant ethnic populations: A transnational profile analysis
Rochira, A., Verbena, S., Briozzo, E., Simone, E. D., Esposito, F., Garrido, R., Ramírez, M. G., Paloma, V., Vargas-Moniz, M., & Mannarini, T. (2024) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2024.102051 · Cited by 9
Haider, M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-60394-0_6 · Cited by 8
Stegall, J. (2021) · Journal of International Students · doi:10.32674/jis.v11i3.2395 · Cited by 6
Jackson, J. (2015) · Encounters between East and West · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-47056-5_2 · Cited by 6
Facilitating Multicultural Student Team Engagement in Higher Education
Han, S. J., Yep, C. L., & Beyerlein, M. (2016) · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-2000-9.ch011 · Cited by 6
Diop, A., Al‐Emadi, A., Kaplanidou, K. K., Sagas, M., Elmaghraby, E., & Qutteina, Y. (2018) · International Journal of Event and Festival Management · doi:10.1108/ijefm-09-2017-0058 · Cited by 6
Fostering Intercultural Learning Experiences in the ESL/EFL Classroom
LaScotte, D. K., & Peters, B. D. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-74981-1_4 · Cited by 6
Liu, T. (2016) · Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor) · Cited by 6
Girmay, F. (2017) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan) · Cited by 6
Initial Arrival and Transitional Experiences of International Students at a U.S. University
Sharma, R. (2026) · Journal of International Students · doi:10.32674/dsgfxj75 · Cited by 5
Approaches global citizenship education for multicultural experiences: what school can do?
Habibah, S. M., Sapriya, S., Sundawa, D., & Fitriasari, S. (2023) · International Conference on Law, Social Sciences and Education (ICLSSE) · doi:10.4108/eai.1-6-2023.2341381 · Cited by 5
Doucerain, M. M., Medvetskaya, A., Benkirane, S., Bragoli‐Barzan, L., & Gouin, J. (2024) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.3061 · Cited by 5
Tekin, O., & Trofimovich, P. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1484985 · Cited by 5
Ma, L., & Subbiondo, J. L. (2022) · Beijing international review of education · doi:10.1163/25902539-04020001 · Cited by 5
D’souza, J. B., Dechpanprasong, W., Chan, C., & Ornla-or, R. (2023) · Asia Social Issues · doi:10.48048/asi.2023.258480 · Cited by 5
Institutional and Instructional Techniques to Promote Undergraduates’ Intercultural Development
Soria, K. M. (2015) · SensePublishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-6209-980-7_4 · Cited by 5
Garza, D. D. (2015) · KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas) · Cited by 5
The Concept of Welas Asih Through Face Negotiation as Intercultural Competence
Indreswari, E. P., Purwasito, A., & Satyawan, I. A. (2020) · KOMUNITAS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN SOCIETY AND CULTURE · doi:10.15294/komunitas.v12i1.22094 · Cited by 4
The theory of international student development
Liu, W., & Lin, X. (2024) · Intercultural Education · doi:10.1080/14675986.2024.2314395 · Cited by 4
To Work or Not to Work… in a Multicultural Team?
Stankiewicz, K., & Ziemiański, P. (2015) · Journal of Intercultural Management · doi:10.1515/joim-2015-0033 · Cited by 4
Lalwani, A., Green, W. M., & Hamlen, K. R. (2022) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/00027642221118257 · Cited by 4
Thomas, A. E., Pflanzl, B., & Völkl, A. (2016) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2015.12.005 · Cited by 4
The Role Culture and Personality Play in an Authentic Online Group Learning Experience
Mittelmeier, J., Héliot, Y., Rienties, B., & Whitelock, D. M. (2015) · Open Research Online - ORO (The Open University) · Cited by 4
Investigating the Experiences of Queer International Students
Patrick, E. S. (2014) · Scholarship@Western (Western University) · Cited by 4
Bilas, K. A. (2018) · doi:10.17760/d20316431 · Cited by 4
Oliso, Z. Z. (2024) · SDU International Journal of Educational Studies · doi:10.33710/sduijes.1399266 · Cited by 3
Penyesuaian Lintas Budaya Mahasiswi Muslim Indonesia di Taiwan
Rokhmah, S. N., & Chiao, H. (2022) · Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (JURDIKBUD) · doi:10.55606/jurdikbud.v2i2.258 · Cited by 3
Developing a Culturally Competent Campus Community for Diverse Student Populations:
ONISHI, A. (2017) · The Annual Report of Educational Psychology in Japan · doi:10.5926/arepj.56.165 · Cited by 3
The Educational and Professional Goals of International Students in Public Service Degrees
Ingrams, A. R., & Holzer, M. (2016) · International Journal of Public Administration · doi:10.1080/01900692.2015.1068328 · Cited by 3
Positioning the Researcher in the Studies of International Student Identities
Hsieh, J. K. (2018) · Journal of International Students · doi:10.32674/jis.v8i2.97 · Cited by 3
Wang, H. (2014) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/4976 · Cited by 3
Gareis, E. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199756841-0292 · Cited by 3
Religion, Religious Climate, and Students’ Sense of Belonging in a South African University
Owusu‐Agyeman, Y., & Pillay, S. (2023) · Journal of Religion in Africa · doi:10.1163/15700666-12340283 · Cited by 2
Exploring Experiences of Chinese Students Studying at U.S. Universities Since COVID-19
Xie, L., & Xu, Y. (2024) · International Journal of Multicultural Education · doi:10.18251/ijme.v26i3.4345 · Cited by 2
Influence of International Students’ Empathy on their Attitude towards Other Cultures
Nadeem, M. U., Mohammed, R., & Dalib, S. (2021) · NUST Journal of Social Sciences and Humannities · doi:10.51732/njssh.v6i1.50 · Cited by 2
Niu, Y., & Brown, B. B. (2023) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2023.101813 · Cited by 2
Communicating Identities Among “Others”: Experiences of Indonesian Graduate Students
Pawanteh, L. (2015) · Jurnal Komunikasi Malaysian Journal of Communication · doi:10.17576/jkmjc-2015-3102-29 · Cited by 2
Hashim, A., Yazdi-Amirkhiz, S. Y., & Suleiman, M. N. (2022) · IARS International Research Journal · doi:10.51611/iars.irj.v12i01.2022.178 · Cited by 2
Graduate students identities in the intercultural practices on a U.S. campus: A Q inquiry
Zhang, T. (2018) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2018.03.005 · Cited by 2
Habibah, S. M., Sapriya, S., Sundawa, D., & Fitriasari, S. (2024) · The Journal of Society & Media · doi:10.26740/jsm.v8n1.p186-201 · Cited by 2
A Red Brick Wall: Anti-Immigrant Rhetoric in a Residence Hall Environment
Durán, A. (2017) · Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership · doi:10.1177/1555458917713038 · Cited by 3
What Is Intercultural Competence and Why Do We Need It?
Lantz-Deaton, C., & Golubeva, I. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57446-8_1 · Cited by 2
The Effect of Multicultural Acceptance on Social Problem Solving Among University Students
Lee, O. N., & Song, C. (2021) · Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development · doi:10.1002/jmcd.12222 · Cited by 2
Friedman, J. Z. (2018) · Springer international handbooks of education · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-50911-2_20 · Cited by 2
He, J., Song, X., & Zhang, R. (2025) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-025-09788-5 · Cited by 1
Jurásek, M., & Wawrosz, P. (2024) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci13110569 · Cited by 1
Fowers, B. J. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780197506028.001.0001 · Cited by 1
International Students’ Academic Adjustment in South Korea: A Qualitative Case Study
Jin, Y., Kang, J., & Wang, X. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16081390 · Cited by 1
Institutional Asymmetry Regarding Inbound and Outbound Student Migration
Starr‐Glass, D. (2015) · Advances in higher education and professional development book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-9746-1.ch005 · Cited by 1
Tarasi, P. J. (2016) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 1
Chinese Outbound Student-Tourists: Developing a Taste for Independent Travel
King, B., & Gardiner, S. (2016) · Apple Academic Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b19856-29 · Cited by 1
El Ghorba fil Gharb: Conceptualizing ethnic identity with Saudi women graduate students in the U.S.
Barth, K. (2016) · Cited by 1
Akanwa, E. E. (2021) · International Education Studies and Sustainability · doi:10.22158/iess.v1n2p39 · Cited by 1
Xia, S., & Cheng, W. L. S. (2023) · Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education · doi:10.32674/jcihe.v15i2.4535 · Cited by 1
An Overview of International Students and Discrimination in Higher Education
Demirhan, K. (2019) · Advances in educational marketing, administration, and leadership book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-9108-5.ch018 · Cited by 1
Jabbawi, A., & Hasan, M. F. (2019) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research · Cited by 1
Students on Student Induction – A Cross-Disciplinary Action Research Project
Valentine, R., Wakeling, L., Ferrie, L., Schartner, A., Guilding, C., & Peterson, J. (2019) · Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity) · doi:10.25405/ncl.34416477 · Cited by 1
A Phenomenological Exploration of the Experiences of International Students
Saubert, S. (2014) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 1
Hardy, D. M. (n.d.) · ProQuest Demo Repository · Cited by 1
Intercultural Communication in the University: Policy and Practices
Leung, Y. W., & Yu, B. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3975-1 · Cited by 1
Mak, J. Y. L. (2020) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 1
Intercultural Communication in the University: Policy and Practices
Leung, Y. W., & Yu, B. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3975-2 · Cited by 1
Intercultural Communication in the University: Policy and Practices
Leung, Y. W., & Yu, B. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-66252-3_3975 · Cited by 1
Davis, K. R. (2022) · Louisiana State University · doi:10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.5933 · Cited by 1
Proceedings - 5th International Conference Business Meets Technology 2023
BMT Scientific Committee (2023) · doi:10.4995/bmt2023.2023.17398 · Cited by 1
Testing a method for generating intergroup felt understanding through structured communicationPreprint
Du, X., Livingstone, A., & Adlam, A. (2024) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/2w3py · Cited by 1
Being Connected: Academic, Social, and Linguistic Integration of International Students
Park, K. (2019) · Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University System) · doi:10.25394/pgs.8024828 · Cited by 1
Suchak, M. (2014) · Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University System)
Studying Abroad: Both Learning and Living
Desirée, L., Bos, H., & Marchman, M. (2013)
Examining student identity in a study abroad setting
Haywood, R. (2017) · Figshare · doi:10.4225/03/58b3b63f7d738
Mittelmeier, J. (2015) · Open Research Online - ORO (The Open University)
Mittelmeier, J. (2016) · Open Research Online (The Open University)
Faiz, M., & Sofurah, N. (2014) · UTHM Institutional Repository (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia)
Speaking My Language: Specialized outreach for international students with disabilities
Harris, J., Ncc, M. C., & Specialist, A. (2016)
Korean ESL Students’ Perceptions of Benefits from American Friends
Kang, S.-J. (2013) · The Jungang Journal of English Language and Literature · doi:10.18853/jjell.2013.55.3.002
Peng, F. (2015) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
Mitra, S. (2017) · VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)
Transnational Medical and Nursing Education : An exploration of its impact on Bahraini females
Maddison, W. (2016) · University of Liverpool · doi:10.17638/03000920
Friedman, J. Z. (2017) · Encyclopedia of earth sciences series/Encyclopedia of earth sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-38909-7_20-2
A Gateway to Integration: a Study of American Families and their International Visitors
Hellmann, K., Miyazaki, R., Miranda, D. E., & Fiscus, T. (2016) · DergiPark (Istanbul University)
Afro-Caribbean Women in the US Academy
Esnard, T., & Cobb‐Roberts, D. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-89686-1_8
STEREOTYPE FILTER: A DIGITAL INTERFACE TO FOSTER CULTURAL AWARENESS
LingHua, Z. (2018) · Syracuse University Libraries (Syracuse University)
Connections, Identity and Resilience Amongst International Students at Victoria University
Wells, C. (2018) · Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka (Figshare) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17134769.v1 · Cited by 1
Wang, Y. (2019) · IRL - University of Missouri, St. Louis (University of Missouri–St. Louis)
INTERGROUP PLURALISTIC IGNORANCE: FEAR OF REJECTION AMONG INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC STUDENTS
Robertson, D. W. (2020) · HARVEST (University of Saskatchewan)
Understanding Post-secondary Student Mobility and its Impact on Wellbeing
Gervais, J. (2020) · Brock University Digital Repository (Brock University)
Metadata
- Authors
- Williams, C. T., & Johnson, L. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Mississippi (US)
- Corresponding author
- Williams, Christina T.
- ORCID
- Johnson, Laura R.
- Venue
- International Journal of Intercultural Relations
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 41-48
- ISSN
- 0147-1767 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1986931003
- Cited by
- 240
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 21.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Intercultural Relations (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Communication › International Student and Expatriate Challenges
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Education › Global Education and Multiculturalism
- Keywords
- international students, friendship, multicultural attitudes, intercultural communication apprehension, open-mindedness, multicultural personality, study abroad, gender differences, social support, intercultural relations
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review