The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Categorizing the unintended sociotechnical consequences of computerized provider order entry
Abstract
Objective To describe the kinds of unintended consequences related to the implementation of computerized provider order entry (CPOE) in the outpatient setting.Design Ethnographic and interview data were collected by an interdisciplinary team over a 7 month period at four clinics.Measurements Instances of unintended consequences were categorized using an expanded Diffusion of Innovations theory framework.Results The framework was clarified and expanded. There are both desirable and undesirable unintended consequences, and they can be either direct or indirect, but there are also many consequences that are not clearly either desirable or undesirable or may even be both, depending on one's perspective. The undesirable consequences include error and security concerns and issues related to alerts, workflow, ergonomics, interpersonal relations, and reimplementations.Conclusion Consequences of implementing and reimplementing clinical systems are complex. The expanded Diffusion of Innovations theory framework is a useful tool for analyzing such consequences.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Beyond these published reports, several organizations have collectively identified and documented thousands of potential EHR-related safety flaws.34”
From EHR Safety: The Way Forward to Safe and Effective Systems (2008) · cites this paper as [34]
Citations
Cites
Rogers, E. M., Singhal, A., & Quinlan, M. M. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203710753-35 · Cited by 37,670
The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2017) · Aldine (Routledge reprint) · doi:10.4324/9780203793206 · Cited by 25,789
(2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-77282-0_6 · Cited by 17,411
Institute of Medicine (2000) · National Academies Press eBooks · doi:10.17226/9728 · Cited by 14,367
Wall, A. (2000) · British Journal of Healthcare Management · doi:10.12968/bjhc.2000.6.9.19311 · Cited by 5,912
Qualitative data analysis (2nd ed)
Morse, J. M. (1996) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(96)00056-6 · Cited by 5,613
Ash, J. S. (2003) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1197/jamia.m1471 · Cited by 1,789
Self-citationRelationship between medication errors and adverse drug events
Bates, D. W., Boyle, D. L., Vliet, M. B. V., Schneider, J., & Leape, L. (1995) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02600255 · Cited by 981 · cited 2×
“growing worldwide interest because there is some evidence that it increases medical safety by reducing medical errors [3–8].”
BackgroundDenault, J.-F. (2018) · The business & management collection. · doi:10.69645/rcxl3480 · Cited by 560
Effects of Computerized Physician Order Entry on Prescribing Practices
Teich, J. M., Merchia, P., Schmiz, J. L., Kuperman, G. J., Spurr, C. D., & Bates, D. W. (2000) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.160.18.2741 · Cited by 475
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 19 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–269 of 269
Tong, Y., & Teo, H. (2009) · National University of Singapore · Cited by 5
From emergence to recoverability: a sociotechnical control trajectory theory of HIT-related risk
Jabin, M. S. R. (2026) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2026.1811981 · Cited by 4
Tuchmann‐Durand, C., Thevenet, E., Moulin, F., Lesage, F., Bouchereau, J., Oualha, M., Khraiche, D., Brassier, A., Wicker, C., Gobin, S., et al. (2020) · JIMD Reports · doi:10.1002/jmd2.12090 · Cited by 4
Rai, A., Keil, M., Choi, H.-Y., & Mindel, V. (2022) · Health Systems · doi:10.1080/20476965.2022.2113343 · Cited by 4
An Interface-Driven Analysis of User Behavior of an Electronic Health Records System
Zheng, K., Padman, R., Johnson, M. P., & Diamond, H. S. (2009) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · Cited by 4
Re‐engineering Workflows: Changing the Life Cycle of an Electronic Health Record System
Brokel, J. M., Ochylski, S., & Kramer, M. (2011) · Journal of Healthcare Engineering · doi:10.1260/2040-2295.2.3.303 · Cited by 4
The elephant in the room: Health information system security and the user-level environment
Fernando, J. (2009) · International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions · doi:10.1109/icitst.2009.5402503 · Cited by 4
Ludwick, D. (2009) · ElectronicHealthcare · Cited by 4
Studying Unintended Consequences of Using MOOC Interface
Sethi, R. (2017) · International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance · doi:10.1145/3047273.3047364 · Cited by 4
STAT-HI: A Socio-Technical Assessment Tool for Health Informatics Implementations
Scott, P. (2010) · The Open Medical Informatics Journal · doi:10.2174/1874325001004010214 · Cited by 4
Crenshaw, R., Woods, C., Koizumi, N., Dave, H. S., Gentili, M., & Saleem, J. J. (2024) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/10497323231224706 · Cited by 3
The Unintended Consequences of the Technology in Clinical Settings
Franklin, A., & Thayer, J. G. (2024) · Cognitive informatics in biomedicine and healthcare · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-69947-4_15 · Cited by 3
Evidence-based validation and improvement of electronic health record systems
Podgurski, A. (2010) · FSE/SDP Workshop on Future of Software Engineering Research (FoSER) · doi:10.1145/1882362.1882422 · Cited by 3
Theoretical Foundations for Health Communication Research and Practice
Morrow, D. G., & Lopez, K. D. (2015) · Health informatics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17272-9_3 · Cited by 3
Palmieri, P. A., Peterson, L. T., & Noeding, M. N. R. (2014) · Advances in healthcare information systems and administration book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-4546-2.ch012 · Cited by 3
Racism and Electronic Health Records (EHRs): Perspectives for research and practice
Emani, S., Rodriguez, J. A., & Bates, D. W. (2023) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocad023 · Cited by 3
The impact of electronic prescribing systems on clinical pharmacy practice
Alzahrani, T. I., Binsaad, J. S., Almasabi, A. A., Alharthi, F. M., Alqarni, A. S., Albaqami, S. N., Alqahtani, M. S., & Aljabry, I. S. (2024) · International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240933 · Cited by 2
Implementation and Transition to Operations
Longhurst, C., & Sharp, C. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-420217-7.00007-9 · Cited by 2
Mahler, V., Prokosch, H., & Oschem, M. (2010) · Methods of Information in Medicine · doi:10.3414/me09-01-0052 · Cited by 2
Palmieri, P. A., Peterson, L. T., & Noeding, M. N. R. (2014) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-6339-8.ch001 · Cited by 2
Using Publicly Available Recall and Safety Alert Reports for Learning from Technology-Induced Error
Borycki, E. M., & Kushniruk, A. W. (2022) · Studies in health technology and informatics · doi:10.3233/shti220114 · Cited by 2
AR/VR telehealth platforms for remote procedural training
Garg, H., & Somkuwar, V. U. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-98381-5.00002-7 · Cited by 4
Mason-Blakley, F., Weber, J. H., Lu, L., Price, M., & Roudsari, A. (2015) · IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI) · doi:10.1109/ichi.2015.7 · Cited by 2
Castro, G. M. (2014) · ProQuest Demo Repository · Cited by 2
Smart Tech and Elderly Care: Anticipated and Unanticipated Consequences
Afzal, N., & Lau, A. Y. S. (2023) · Studies in health technology and informatics · doi:10.3233/shti230381 · Cited by 1
Afzal, N., Nguyen, A., & Lau, A. Y. S. (2025) · Applied Clinical Informatics · doi:10.1055/a-2591-4016 · Cited by 2
Copy Tools in the Electronic Health Record: Perceptions, Implications, and Future Directions
Corby, S., Ash, J. S., Jungbauer, R. M., Scholl, G., Florig, S. T., Mohan, V., & Gold, J. A. (2025) · JMIR Medical Informatics · doi:10.2196/78502 · Cited by 3
Self-citationMacroergonomics in Healthcare: Principles, Progress, and Prospects
Holden, R. J., Montague, E. N. H., Carayon, P., Hoonakker, P., Waterson, P. E., Wetterneck, T. B., Gürses, A. P., & Rivera-Rodriguez, A. J. (2012) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/1071181312561268 · Cited by 1
Following the trail: understanding information flow in the emergency department
Pennathur, P. R., Bisantz, A. M., Fairbanks, R. J. T., Drury, C. G., & Lin, L. (2014) · Cognition Technology & Work · doi:10.1007/s10111-014-0290-2 · Cited by 1
Jabberwocky: The Nonsense of Clinician eHealth Security
Fernando, J. (2010) · International Journal for Digital Society · doi:10.20533/ijds.2040.2570.2010.0025 · Cited by 1
Information Technology in Critical Care
Pon, S., Markovitz, B. P., Weigle, C. G. M., & Jacobs, B. R. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-07307-3.10008-4 · Cited by 2
The Value of Sociotechnical Theories for Implementation of Clinical Information Systems
Callen, J. L., Georgiou, A., Li, J., & Westbrook, J. I. (2011) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-60960-768-5.ch012 · Cited by 2
Reflecting and Looking to the Future: What Is the Research Agenda for Theory in Health Informatics?
Scott, P., de Keizer, N. F., & Georgiou, A. (2019) · Studies in health technology and informatics · doi:10.3233/shti190124 · Cited by 1
Ethics, Safety, and Closing Thoughts
Friedman, C. P., Wyatt, J. C., & Ash, J. S. (2022) · Health informatics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86453-8_20 · Cited by 1
Self-citationClinical decision support: A tool of the hospital trade
Poon, E. G. (2015) · Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.1002/jhm.2295 · Cited by 1
Kiess, C. (2013) · IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) · doi:10.7912/c2/927 · Cited by 1
Implementation of Electronic Medical Records and Preventive Services: A Mixed Methods Study
Greiver, M. (2011) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 1
E-Health and Organizational Change in a Hospital Setting
Monachino, M. S., Moreira, P., & Janela, F. (2016) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-9978-6.ch005 · Cited by 1
Larsen, E. P., Rao, A. H., & Sasangohar, F. (2019) · doi:10.2196/preprints.13285 · Cited by 1
Schreiber, R., & McGreevey, J. D. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91200-6.00009-7 · Cited by 1
Electronic Health Record Optimization for Cardiac Care
Grabenbauer, L. A. (2015) · DigitalCommons@UNMC
Practical Thoughts: Bringing Online Documentation Into Your World
O’Brien, D., & Wilson, M. L. (2009) · Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jopan.2009.03.012
Evaluating Your Information System Implementation
Wilson, M. L. (2009) · Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jopan.2009.08.004
Harris, A. (2016) · uO Research (University of Ottawa) · doi:10.20381/ruor-3950
Scott, P. (2010) · The Open Medical Informatics Journal · doi:10.2174/1874431101004040214
Electronic Information Technology: Role in Supporting Drug Use and Policy
Schiff, G. D., Eguale, T., & Felkey, B. G. (2016) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b19633-22
Errors Related to Outpatient E-Prescribing
Abraham, O., Schleiden, L. J., & Chui, M. A. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31123-4_6
Besworth, M. D. (2016) · Scholarship@Western (Western University)
Dowding, D., & Permanante, K. (2014)
META-COORDINATION ACTIVITIES: EXPLORING ARTICULATION WORK IN HOSPITALS
Abraham, J. (2010) · ProQuest LLC eBooks
Applying Information System Hazard Analysis to an Episodic Document Context
Mason-Blakley, F., Weber, J. H., Roudsari, A., & Price, M. (2017) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-63194-3_13
When quality improvement with clinical decision support becomes iatrogenesis
Patel, S. A., Trick, W. E., & Parra-Rodriguez, L. (2018) · British Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.12968/hmed.2018.79.7.412
A Clinician’s Report of the Unintended Consequences of Electronic Health Records
Rohm, T. (2014) · Communications of the IIMA · doi:10.58729/1941-6687.1220
Smith, T. (2018) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2018-12843
Intensive Care Unit Collaboration and Workflow in the Information Age
Park, S., & Rogers, M. L. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-59307-3_9
Yusof, M. M., Olakotan, O. O., & Puteh, S. E. W. (2019) · doi:10.2196/preprints.16809
Igene, O. O., & Johnson, C. (2022) · Journal of System Safety · doi:10.56094/jss.v57i2.190
Puranik, C. P., Slavik, A., Pickett, K. L., Dani, A., Generalovich, Z., Neveaux, L., & de Peralta, T. L. (2023) · Journal of Dental Education · doi:10.1002/jdd.13175
Salahuddin, L. B., Ismail, Z., Rahim, F. A., Anawar, S., & Hashim, U. R. (2023) · Applied Clinical Informatics · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1771394
Afzal, N., Nguyen, A., & Lau, A. Y. S. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4860046
Theoretical Foundations for Health Communication Research and Practice
Morrow, D. G., & Lopez, K. D. (2024) · Cognitive informatics in biomedicine and healthcare · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-69947-4_3
Surendran, S., So, S. C.-T., Lim, T. W., & Matchar, D. B. (2025) · Health Services Insights · doi:10.1177/11786329251337533
Butler, J. M., Childs, E., Barlam, T. F., Drainoni, M., Reardon, C. M., Zhang, Y., Damschroder, L. J., Taber, P. A., Madaras‐Kelly, K., Goetz, M. B., et al. (2025) · Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology · doi:10.1017/ash.2025.65
Opportunities for improving the link between medscheck and medication reconciliation in home care
Hamidi, S. (2011) · Chalmers Publication Library (Chalmers University of Technology)
Marcilly, R. (2014) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/8a0d9a93zcb2az414cz8de9z5e28fd6ea76d · Cited by 1
Sujan, M. A., & Pickup, L. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781047755993
Metadata
- Authors
- Ash, J. S., Sittig, D. F., Dykstra, R. H., Guappone, K., Carpenter, J. D., & Seshadri, V.
- Affiliations
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ash, Joan S.
- Venue
- International Journal of Medical Informatics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-06
- Volume
- 76
- Pages
- S21-S27
- ISSN
- 1386-5056 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2004091813
- Cited by
- 267
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 33.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Medical Informatics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. National Library of Medicine (LM06942)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Electronic Health Records Systems
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › Information Systems Theories and Implementation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Technology and Human Factors in Education and Health
- Keywords
- computerized physician order entry, unintended consequences, diffusion of innovations, outpatient clinics, clinical workflow, clinical alerts, medical errors, patient safety, human factors, interpersonal relationships, health information technology
- MeSH terms
- Ambulatory Care, Diffusion of Innovation, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Oregon, Sociology, Medical, Interdisciplinary Communication, Medical Order Entry Systems
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review