Community-associated MRSA: What makes them special?
Open accessAbstract
While infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were traditionally restricted to the hospital setting, novel MRSA strains emerged over the last two decades that have the capacity to infect otherwise healthy people outside of the hospital setting. These community-associated (CA-)MRSA strains combine methicillin resistance with enhanced virulence and fitness. Interestingly, CA-MRSA strains emerged globally and from different backgrounds, indicating that the "trade-off" between maintaining sufficient levels of methicillin resistance and obtaining enhanced virulence at a low fitness cost was achieved on several occasions in convergent evolution. However, frequently this process comprised similar changes. First and foremost, all CA-MRSA strains typically carry a novel type of methicillin resistance locus that appears to cause less of a fitness burden. Additionally, acquisition of specific toxin genes, most notably that encoding Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), and adaptation of gene expression of genome-encoded toxins, such as alpha-toxin and phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs), further contributed to the evolution of CA-MRSA. Finally, the exceptional epidemiological success of the USA300 CA-MRSA clone in particular may have been due to yet another gene acquisition, namely that of the speG gene, which is located on the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) and involved in detoxifying harmful host-derived polyamines.
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Reducing the use of antibiotics can help reduce the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains.
“Therefore, reducing the use of antibiotics can also help reduce the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains [22, 23].”
From Clinical characteristics of lactational breast abscess caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: hospital-based study in China (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
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Self-citationVoyich, J. M., Braughton, K. R., Sturdevant, D. E., Whitney, A. R., Saïd-Salim, B., Porcella, S. F., Long, R. D., Dorward, D. W., Gardner, D. J., Kreiswirth, B. N., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.175.6.3907 · Cited by 563 · see citing works
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Self-citationSoong, G., Chun, J., Parker, D., & Prince, A. (2012) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jis244 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Otto, M.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Otto, Michael
- ORCID
- Otto, Michael
- Venue
- International Journal of Medical Microbiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-08
- Volume
- 303
- Issue
- 6-7
- Pages
- 324-330
- ISSN
- 1438-4221 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3729626
- OpenAlex
- W1984113256
- Cited by
- 379
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 7
- FWCI
- 3.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- International Journal of Medical Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- NIH
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Keywords
- community-acquired MRSA, methicillin resistance, convergent evolution, Panton-Valentine leukocidin, alpha-toxin, phenol-soluble modulins, USA300 clone, arginine catabolic mobile element, Staphylococcus aureus
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Bacterial Agents, DNA, Bacterial, Genes, Bacterial, Humans, Staphylococcal Infections, Community-Acquired Infections, Evolution, Molecular, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Virulence Factors, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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