Innovative formulations for the delivery of levothyroxine to the skin
Abstract
The aim of this work was to realize innovative transdermal formulations containing sodium levothyroxine in view of topical administration. Permeation experiments were performed in vitro, using rabbit ear skin as barrier. At the end of the permeation experiments levothyroxine retained in the skin was extracted and quantified by HPLC. Formulations tested were microemulsions and transdermal films. Microemulsions containing isopropyl myristate and isobutanol were shown to be able to increase levothyroxine solubility by the inclusion in reverse micelles. However, the inclusion in reversed micelles reduced the drug release to a significant extent, and consequently skin retention, compared to aqueous solutions. When the microemulsion was included in the transdermal film, drug retention was increased, probably for the enhancer effect of its excipients. The transdermal film proposed in this work could be an interesting alternative to semisolid formulations for the ease of use and the control in the amount of active applied. Additional benefit can be obtained if the film is used in occlusive conditions.
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Padula et al. suggested that a microemulsion system could include LT4 in reverse micelles and reduce LT4 skin permeation to approximately 1% of that in dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin solution.
“Padula et al suggested that a microemulsion system could include LT4 in reverse micelles and reduce LT4 skin permeation to ∼1% of that in dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin solution, which is widely used in creams (268).”
From Levothyroxine: conventional and novel drug delivery formulations. (2023) · cites this paper as [268]
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Levothyroxine: conventional and novel drug delivery formulations.
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- Authors
- Padula, C., Nicoli, S., & Santi, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Parma (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Santi, Patrizia
- Venue
- International Journal of Pharmaceutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-05-08
- Volume
- 372
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 12-16
- ISSN
- 0378-5173 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2065007587
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Pharmaceutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
- Keywords
- levothyroxine, transdermal drug delivery, topical formulation, microemulsions, transdermal films, skin permeation, reverse micelles, isopropyl myristate, isobutanol, drug retention, occlusive dressing, thyroid hormones
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Topical, Animals, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Rabbits, Skin Absorption, Thyroxine, Tissue Distribution, Drug Delivery Systems
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