Printing T3 and T4 oral drug combinations as a novel strategy for hypothyroidism
Open accessAbstract
Hypothyroidism is a chronic and debilitating disease that is estimated to affect 3% of the general population. Clinical experience has highlighted the synergistic value of combining triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) for persistent or recurrent symptoms. However, thus far a platform that enables the simultaneous and independent dosing of more than one drug for oral administration has not been developed. Thermal inkjet (TIJ) 2D printing is a potential solution to enable the dual deposition of T3 and T4 onto orodispersible films (ODFs) for therapy personalisation. In this study, a two-cartridge TIJ printer was modified such that it could print separate solutions of T3 and T4. Dose adjustments were achieved by printing solutions adjacent to each other, enabling therapeutic T3 (15–50 μg) and T4 dosages (60–180 μg) to be successfully printed. Excellent linearity was observed between the theoretical and measured dose for both T3 and T4 (R2 = 0.982 and 0.985, respectively) by changing the length of the print objective (Y-value). Rapid disintegration of the ODFs was achieved (<45 s). As such, this study for the first time demonstrates the ability to produce personalised dose combinations by TIJ printing T3 and T4 onto the same substrate for oral administration.
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Alomari et al developed a novel approach for mixing T3 and T4 using thermal inkjet 2D printing.
“Alomari et al developed a novel approach for mixing T3 and T4 using thermal inkjet 2D printing (156).”
From Levothyroxine: conventional and novel drug delivery formulations. (2023) · cites this paper as [156]
Previous combination of T3 and T4 added a certain dose of T3 tablets while reducing T4 administration proportionally, requiring patients to take more than 1 pill and/or split pills, which led to confusion and dose variation.
“The previous combination of T3 and T4 added a certain dose of T3 tablets while reducing the T4 administration proportionally. Patients had to take more than 1 pill and/or split pills, which inevitably led to confusion and dose variation (156).”
From Levothyroxine: conventional and novel drug delivery formulations. (2023) · cites this paper as [156]
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Levothyroxine: conventional and novel drug delivery formulations.
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- Authors
- Alomari, M., Vuddanda, P. R., Trenfield, S. J., Dodoo, C. C., Velaga, S., Basit, A. W., & Gaisford, S.
- Affiliations
- UCL School of Pharmacy (GB)
- Luleå University of Technology (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Basit, Abdul W.
- Gaisford, Simon
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Pharmaceutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-10
- Volume
- 549
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 363-369
- ISSN
- 0378-5173 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2886939254
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 5.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Pharmaceutics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP\\L01646X, 1786932, L01646X)
- School of Pharmacy, University College London
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Keywords
- hypothyroidism, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thermal inkjet printing, orodispersible films, individualized dosing, oral drug delivery, dose linearity, disintegration time
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Drug Combinations, Drug Compounding, Equipment Design, Humans, Hypothyroidism, Kinetics, Solubility, Technology, Pharmaceutical, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Drug Dosage Calculations, Drug Liberation, Printing, Three-Dimensional
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