The DOI matches its Crossref record; 76 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Commensal DNA Limits Regulatory T Cell Conversion and Is a Natural Adjuvant of Intestinal Immune Responses
Open accessAbstract
The intestinal tract is in intimate contact with the commensal microflora. Nevertheless, how commensals communicate with cells to ensure immune homeostasis is still unclear. In this study, we found that gut flora DNA (gfDNA) plays a major role in intestinal homeostasis through toll like receptor 9 engagement. TLR9 deficient mice displayed increased frequencies of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) within intestinal effector sites, and reduced constitutive IL-17 and IFN-γ producing effector T cells (Teff). Complementing this, gfDNA limited lamina propria dendritic cells induced Treg conversion in vitro. Further, Treg/Teff disequilibrium in TLR9−/− mice led to impaired immune responses to oral infection and to oral vaccination, which were rescued through neutralization of Treg. Impaired intestinal immune responses were recapitulated in mice treated with antibiotics and were reversible following reconstitution with gfDNA. Together these data point to gfDNA as a natural adjuvant for priming intestinal responses via modulation of Treg/Teff equilibrium.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Bettelli, E., Carrier, Y., Gao, W., Korn, T., Strom, T. B., Oukka, M., Weiner, H. L., & Kuchroo, V. K. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04753 · Cited by 6,992
Changes of Intestinal Functions in Liver Cirrhosis
Fukui, H., & Wiest, R. (2016) · Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases · doi:10.1159/000444436 · Cited by 6,808
A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA
Hemmi, H., Takeuchi, O., Kawai, T., Kaisho, T., Sato, S., Sanjo, H., Matsumoto, M., Hoshino, K., Wagner, H., Takeda, K., et al. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35047123 · Cited by 6,491 · cited 2×
“129P2-Tlr9 (Tlr9 / ) (Hemmi et al., 2000) mice were obtained from S.”
MethodTakeda, K., Kaisho, T., & Akira, S. (2003) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141126 · Cited by 6,143
A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity
Medzhitov, R., Preston-Hurlburt, P., & Janeway, C. A. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/41131 · Cited by 5,590
Host-Bacterial Mutualism in the Human Intestine
Bäckhed, F., Ley, R. E., Sonnenburg, J. L., Peterson, D. A., & Gordon, J. I. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1104816 · Cited by 5,277
Ivanov, I. I., McKenzie, B. S., Zhou, L., Tadokoro, C. E., Lepelley, A., Lafaille, J. J., Cua, D. J., & Littman, D. R. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.035 · Cited by 5,145
Recognition of Commensal Microflora by Toll-Like Receptors Is Required for Intestinal Homeostasis
Rakoff-Nahoum, S., Paglino, J., Eslami-Varzaneh, F., Edberg, S., & Medzhitov, R. (2004) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.07.002 · Cited by 4,251
Veldhoen, M., Hocking, R. J., Atkins, C. J., Locksley, R. M., & Stockinger, B. (2006) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2006.01.001 · Cited by 3,605
Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection
Brenchley, J. M., Price, D. A., Schacker, T. W., Asher, T. E., Silvestri, G., Rao, S., Kazzaz, Z., Bornstein, E., Lambotte, O., Altmann, D., et al. (2006) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1511 · Cited by 3,559
Cited by
Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation.
Belkaid, Y., & Hand, T. W. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.011 · Cited by 5,385
Self-citationThe gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease
Round, J. L., & Mazmanian, S. K. (2009) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2515 · Cited by 5,029
Induction of Intestinal Th17 Cells by Segmented Filamentous Bacteria
Ivanov, I. I., Atarashi, K., Manel, N., Brodie, E. L., Shima, T., Karaoz, U., Wei, D., Goldfarb, K. C., Santee, C. A., Lynch, S. V., et al. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.033 · Cited by 4,554
Induction of Colonic Regulatory T Cells by Indigenous Clostridium Species
Atarashi, K., Tanoue, T., Shima, T., Imaoka, A., Kuwahara, T., Momose, Y., Cheng, G., Yamasaki, S., Saito, T., Ohba, Y., et al. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1198469 · Cited by 3,752
Regulatory T cells: mechanisms of differentiation and function
Josefowicz, S. Z., Lu, L.-F., & Rudensky, A. Y. (2012) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141623 · Cited by 2,866
Metadata
- Authors
- Hall, J. A., Bouladoux, N., Sun, C. M., Wohlfert, E. A., Blank, R. B., Zhu, Q., Grigg, M. E., Berzofsky, J. A., & Belkaid, Y.
- Venue
- Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 637-649
- ISSN
- 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2035506432
- Cited by
- 494
- References
- 76
- FWCI
- 18.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Commensal DNA Limits Regulatory T Cell Conversion and Is a Natural Adjuvant of Intestinal Immune Responses. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.immuni.2008.08.009
- The paper
- Hall, J. A., Bouladoux, N., Sun, C. M., Wohlfert, E. A., Blank, R. B., Zhu, Q., Grigg, M. E., Berzofsky, J. A., & Belkaid, Y. (2008). Commensal DNA Limits Regulatory T Cell Conversion and Is a Natural Adjuvant of Intestinal Immune Responses. Immunity. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2008.08.009
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
