The DOI matches its Crossref record; 101 of the 101 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Plasticity of CD4+ T Cell Lineage Differentiation
Open accessAbstract
The differentiation of naive CD4(+) T cells into lineages with distinct effector functions has been considered to be an irreversible event. T helper type 1 (Th1) cells stably express IFN-gamma, whereas Th2 cells express IL-4. The discovery and investigation of two other CD4(+) T cell subsets, induced regulatory T (iTreg) cells and Th17 cells, has led to a rethinking of the notion that helper T cell subsets represent irreversibly differentiated endpoints. Accumulating evidence suggests that CD4(+) T cells, particularly iTreg and Th17 cells, are more plastic than previously appreciated. It appears that expression of Foxp3 by iTreg cells or IL-17 by Th17 cells may not be stable and that there is a great degree of flexibility in their differentiation options. Here, we will discuss recent findings that demonstrate the plasticity of CD4(+) T cell differentiation and the biological implications of this flexibility.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The former group encompasses functionally distinct populations including T H 1 cells responsible for host defense against intracellular microbes and implicated in systemic autoimmunity, T H 2 cells that fight off extracellular parasites and are involved in anaphylactic reactions and T H 17 cells that mediate immunity against extracellular bacteria and fungi as well as organspecific autoimmunity (Z”
From Iron in infection and immunity (2020) · cites this paper as Zhou et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“However, the current view is that CD4 Th cell subsets are not separate lineages but have plasticity and form a continuum of mixed functional capacities [177, 178].”
From Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition) (2021) · cites this paper as [177]
Citations
Cites
Control of Regulatory T Cell Development by the Transcription Factor Foxp3
Hori, S., Nomura, T., & Sakaguchi, S. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1079490 · Cited by 8,187
Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells
Fontenot, J. D., Gavin, M. A., & Rudensky, A. Y. (2003) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni904 · Cited by 7,745
Bettelli, E., Carrier, Y., Gao, W., Korn, T., Strom, T. B., Oukka, M., Weiner, H. L., & Kuchroo, V. K. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04753 · Cited by 6,992
Ivanov, I. I., McKenzie, B. S., Zhou, L., Tadokoro, C. E., Lepelley, A., Lafaille, J. J., Cua, D. J., & Littman, D. R. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.035 · Cited by 5,145
Self-citationHarrington, L. E., Hatton, R. D., Mangan, P. R., Turner, H., Murphy, T. L., Murphy, K. M., & Weaver, C. T. (2005) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1254 · Cited by 4,742
Chen, W., Jin, W., Hardegen, N. J., Lei, K.-J., Li, L., Marinos, N. J., McGrady, G., & Wahl, S. M. (2003) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20030152 · Cited by 4,678
A distinct lineage of CD4 T cells regulates tissue inflammation by producing interleukin 17
Park, H., Li, Z., Yang, X. O., Chang, S. H., Nurieva, R., Wang, Y.-H., Wang, Y., Hood, L., Zhu, Z., Tian, Q., et al. (2005) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1261 · Cited by 4,265
Veldhoen, M., Hocking, R. J., Atkins, C. J., Locksley, R. M., & Stockinger, B. (2006) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2006.01.001 · Cited by 3,605
Vignali, D. A. A., Collison, L. W., & Workman, C. J. (2008) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2343 · Cited by 3,463
Transforming growth factor-β induces development of the TH17 lineage
Mangan, P. R., Harrington, L. E., O'Quinn, D. B., Helms, W. S., Bullard, D. C., Elson, C. O., Hatton, R. D., Wahl, S. M., Schoeb, T. R., & Weaver, C. T. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04754 · Cited by 3,087
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Meijer, L., Nelson, D. J., Riazanski, V., Gabdoulkhakova, A. G., Héry-Arnaud, G., Berre, R. L., Loaëc, N., Oumata, N., Galons, H., Nowak, E., et al. (2016) · Journal of Innate Immunity · doi:10.1159/000444256 · Cited by 5,008
Follicular Helper CD4 T Cells (T FH )
Crotty, S. (2011) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101400 · Cited by 2,738
Genetic and epigenetic fine mapping of causal autoimmune disease variants
Farh, K. K.-H., Marson, A., Zhu, J., Kleinewietfeld, M., Housley, W. J., Beik, S., Shoresh, N., Whitton, H., Ryan, R. J. H., Shishkin, A. A., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13835 · Cited by 1,956
Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors: Positioning Cells for Host Defense and Immunity
Griffith, J. W., Sokol, C. L., & Luster, A. D. (2014) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120145 · Cited by 2,119
Kaser, A., Zeissig, S., & Blumberg, R. S. (2010) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-030409-101225 · Cited by 1,806
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhou, L., Chong, M. M. W., & Littman, D. R.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- New York University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Littman, Dan R.
- Venue
- Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-05
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 646-655
- ISSN
- 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2016827757
- Cited by
- 1,551
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 96 · 2020: 73 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 90 · 2015: 99 · 2014: 110 · 2013: 145 · 2012: 134
- FWCI
- 11.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 1574 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
- Keywords
- CD4+ T cell differentiation, T cell plasticity, Th1 cells, Th2 cells, induced regulatory T cells, Th17 cells, Foxp3, IL-17, T helper cell subsets
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Differentiation, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, Humans, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Cytokines, Cell Lineage, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Forkhead Transcription Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
