Cited by 2,738T-cell and B-cell ImmunologyPsoriasis: Treatment and PathogenesisHIV Research and Treatment

Follicular Helper CD4 T Cells (T FH )

Crotty, Shane·2011·Annual Review of Immunology

Abstract

T cell help to B cells is a fundamental aspect of adaptive immunity and the generation of immunological memory. Follicular helper CD4 T (T FH ) cells are the specialized providers of B cell help. T FH cells depend on expression of the master regulator transcription factor Bcl6. Distinguishing features of T FH cells are the expression of CXCR5, PD-1, SAP (SH2D1A), IL-21, and ICOS, among other molecules, and the absence of Blimp-1 (prdm1). T FH cells are important for the formation of germinal centers. Once germinal centers are formed, T FH cells are needed to maintain them and to regulate germinal center B cell differentiation into plasma cells and memory B cells. This review covers T FH differentiation, T FH functions, and human T FH cells, discussing recent progress and areas of uncertainty or disagreement in the literature, and it debates the developmental relationship between T FH cells and other CD4 T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17, iTreg).

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Crossref · 10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101400

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Authors
Crotty, S.
Affiliations
La Jolla Institute for Immunology (US)
Corresponding author
Crotty, Shane
Venue
Annual Review of Immunology
Published
2011-04-23
Volume
29
Issue
1
Pages
621-663
ISSN
  • 0732-0582 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-3278
OpenAlex
W2134342374
Cited by
2,738
References
289
Citations by year
2026: 93 · 2025: 136 · 2024: 142 · 2023: 131 · 2022: 170 · 2021: 207 · 2020: 186 · 2019: 180 · 2018: 197 · 2017: 191 · 2016: 212 · 2015: 234 · 2014: 229 · 2013: 215 · 2012: 164
FWCI
18.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Annual Review of Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
Keywords
T follicular helper cells, B cell help, BCL6, CXCR5, PD-1, ICOS, IL-21, Blimp-1, germinal center, plasma cells, memory B cells, T cell differentiation, CD4+ T cell subsets, Th1 cells, Th2 cells, Th17 cells, regulatory T cells, immunological memory
MeSH terms
Animals, B-Lymphocytes, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, Humans, Lymphoid Tissue, Germinal Center

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