The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Complex Antigens Drive Permissive Clonal Selection in Germinal Centers
Open accessAbstract
SUMMARY Germinal center (GC) B cells evolve towards increased affinity by a Darwinian process that has been studied primarily in genetically restricted, hapten-specific responses. We explored the population dynamics of genetically diverse GC responses to two complex antigens – Bacillus anthracis protective antigen and influenza hemagglutinin – in which B cells competed both intra- and interclonally for distinct epitopes. Preferred VH rearrangements among antigen-binding, naïve B cells were similarly abundant in early GCs but, unlike responses to haptens, clonal diversity increased in GC B cells as early “winners” were replaced by rarer, high-affinity clones. Despite affinity maturation, inter- and intraclonal avidities varied greatly, and half of GC B cells did not bind the immunogen but nonetheless exhibited biased VH use, V(D)J mutation, and clonal expansion comparable to antigen-binding cells. GC reactions to complex antigens permit a range of specificities and affinities, with potential advantages for broad protection.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
PHYLIP ( PHYLogeny Inference Package)
Cummings, M. P. (2004) · Dictionary of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology · doi:10.1002/9780471650126.dob0534.pub2 · Cited by 3,127
Predominant Autoantibody Production by Early Human B Cell Precursors
Wardemann, H., Yurasov, S., Schaefer, A., Young, J. W., Meffre, E., & Nussenzweig, M. C. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1086907 · Cited by 2,083
MacLennan, I. C. M. (1994) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.12.1.117 · Cited by 1,729
Intraclonal generation of antibody mutants in germinal centres
Jacob, J., Kelsoe, G., Rajewsky, K., & Weiss, U. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/354389a0 · Cited by 1,090
Self-citationRapid cloning of high-affinity human monoclonal antibodies against influenza virus
Wrammert, J., Smith, K., Miller, J., Langley, W. A., Kokko, K., Larsen, C., Zheng, N.-Y., Mays, I., Garman, L., Helms, C., et al. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06890 · Cited by 1,025
The Antigenic Structure of Proteins: A Reappraisal
Benjamin, D. (1984) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.2.1.67 · Cited by 951
Maturation of the immune response in germinal centers
Berek, C., Berger, A., & Apel, M. (1991) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90289-b · Cited by 907
Bothwell, A. L. M., Paskind, M., Reth, M., Imanishi-Kari, T., Rajewsky, K., & Baltimore, D. (1981) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(81)90089-1 · Cited by 671
Epitopes on protein antigens: Misconceptions and realities
Laver, W. G., Air, G. M., Webster, R. G., & Smith-Gill, S. J. (1990) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90464-p · Cited by 533
Jacob, J., & Kelsoe, G. (1992) · The Journal of experimental medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.176.3.679 · Cited by 463
Self-citation
Cited by
Cirelli, K. M., Carnathan, D. G., Nogal, B., Martin, J. T., Rodriguez, O. L., Upadhyay, A. A., Enemuo, C. A., Gebru, E. H., Choe, Y., Viviano, F., et al. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.012 · Cited by 433
Human germinal centres engage memory and naive B cells after influenza vaccination
Turner, J. S., Zhou, J. Q., Han, J., Schmitz, A. J., Rizk, A. A., Alsoussi, W. B., Lei, T., Amor, M., McIntire, K. M., Meade, P., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2711-0 · Cited by 304
Abbott, R. K., Lee, J. H., Menis, S., Skog, P., Rossi, M., Ota, T., Kulp, D. W., Bhullar, D., Kalyuzhniy, O., Havenar-Daughton, C., et al. (2018) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.11.023 · Cited by 336
Antibodies to combat viral infections: development strategies and progress
Pantaleo, G., Correia, B., Fenwick, C., Joo, V. S., & Perez, L. (2022) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-022-00495-3 · Cited by 279
Multifaceted Effects of Antigen Valency on B Cell Response Composition and Differentiation In Vivo
Kato, Y., Abbott, R. K., Freeman, B. L., Haupt, S., Groschel, B., Silva, M., Menis, S., Irvine, D. J., Schief, W. R., & Crotty, S. (2020) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2020.08.001 · Cited by 269
Metadata
- Authors
- Kuraoka, M., Schmidt, A. G., Nojima, T., Feng, F., Watanabe, A., Kitamura, D., Harrison, S. C., Kepler, T. B., & Kelsoe, G.
- Venue
- Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-03
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 542-552
- ISSN
- 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2289890884
- Cited by
- 313
- References
- 40
- FWCI
- 17.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Complex Antigens Drive Permissive Clonal Selection in Germinal Centers. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.010
- The paper
- Kuraoka, M., Schmidt, A. G., Nojima, T., Feng, F., Watanabe, A., Kitamura, D., Harrison, S. C., Kepler, T. B., & Kelsoe, G. (2016). Complex Antigens Drive Permissive Clonal Selection in Germinal Centers. Immunity. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.010
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.