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The Cytokines of Asthma

Open access
Lambrecht, Bart N., Hammad, Hamida, Fahy, John V.·2019·Immunity

Abstract

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease associated with type 2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13, which promote airway eosinophilia, mucus overproduction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), and immunogloubulin E (IgE) synthesis. However, only half of asthma patients exhibit signs of an exacerbated Type 2 response. "Type 2-low" asthma has different immune features: airway neutrophilia, obesity-related systemic inflammation, or in some cases, few signs of immune activation. Here, we review the cytokine networks driving asthma, placing these in cellular context and incorporating insights from cytokine-targeting therapies in the clinic. We discuss established and emerging paradigms in the context of the growing appreciation of disease heterogeneity and argue that the development of new and improved therapeutics will require understanding the diverse mechanisms underlying the spectrum of asthma pathologies.

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Metadata

Authors
Lambrecht, B. N., Hammad, H., & Fahy, J. V.
Venue
Immunity
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-04
Volume
50
Issue
4
Pages
975-991
ISSN
1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2939247829
Cited by
1,039
References
11
FWCI
68.43
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Cytokines of Asthma. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.018
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Lambrecht, B. N., Hammad, H., & Fahy, J. V. (2019). The Cytokines of Asthma. Immunity. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.018

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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.