Cited by 175Immune cells in cancerCancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersImmunotherapy and Immune Responses

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Mitochondrial DNA released by senescent tumor cells enhances PMN-MDSC-driven immunosuppression through the cGAS-STING pathway

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Lai, Ping, Liu, Lei, Bancaro, Nicolò, Troiani, Martina, Calì, Bianca, Li, Yuxin, Chen, Jingjing, Singh, Prafull Kumar, Arzola, Rydell Alvarez, Attanasio, Giuseppe, Pernigoni, Nicolò, Pasquini, Emiliano, Mosole, Simone, Rinaldi, Andrea, Sgrignani, Jacopo, Qiu, Shi, Song, Pan, Li, Yingrui, Desbats, Maria Andrea, Ángel, Azucena Rendón, Mestre, Ricardo Pereira, Cavalli, Andrea, Barile, Lucio, de Bono, Johann, Alimonti, Andrea·2025·Immunity

DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2025.03.005

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Abstract

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of cellular senescence. Here, we investigated whether senescent cells release mitochondrial (mt)DNA into the extracellular space and its impact on innate immunity. We found that both primary senescent cells and tumor cells undergoing therapy-induced senescence actively released mtDNA into the extracellular environment. mtDNA released by senescent cells was packaged within extracellular vesicles and selectively transferred to polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment. Upon uptake, extracellular mtDNA enhanced the immunosuppressive activity of PMN-MDSCs via cGAS-STING-NF-κB signaling, thereby promoting tumor progression. While STING activation directly induced NF-κB signaling, it also activated PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), which further amplified NF-κB activity, in PMN-MDSCs. mtDNA release from senescent cells was mediated by voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs), and pharmacological inhibition of VDAC reduced extracellular mtDNA levels, reversed PMN-MDSC-driven immunosuppression, and enhanced chemotherapy efficacy in prostate cancer mouse models. These findings suggest that targeting mtDNA release could reprogram the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, improving therapeutic outcomes for chemotherapy-treated patients.

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Authors: Lai, P., Liu, L., Bancaro, N., Troiani, M., Calì, B., Li, Y., Chen, J., Singh, P. K., Arzola, R. A., Attanasio, G., Pernigoni, N., Pasquini, E., Mosole, S., Rinaldi, A., Sgrignani, J., Qiu, S., Song, P., Li, Y., Desbats, M. A., Ángel, A. R., Mestre, R. P., Cavalli, A., Barile, L., de Bono, J., & Alimonti, A.
Affiliations: Institute of Oncology Research (CH)
Institute for Research in Biomedicine (CH)
West China Hospital of Sichuan University (CN)
Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (CH)
Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino (CH)
University of Padua (IT)
Corresponding author: Alimonti, Andrea
ORCID: Lai, Ping
Liu, Lei
Bancaro, Nicolò
Calì, Bianca
Li, Yuxin
Chen, Jingjing
Singh, Prafull Kumar
Pernigoni, Nicolò
Pasquini, Emiliano
Mosole, Simone
Rinaldi, Andrea
Sgrignani, Jacopo
Qiu, Shi
Song, Pan
Li, Yingrui
Mestre, Ricardo Pereira
Cavalli, Andrea
Barile, Lucio
Alimonti, Andrea
Venue: Immunity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2025-04
Volume: 58
Issue: 4
Pages: 811-825.e7
ISSN: 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2025.03.005
OpenAlex: W4409254393
Cited by: 174
References: 65
Citations by year: 2026: 139 · 2025: 35
FWCI: 64.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Immunity (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
IRIS (submittedVersion)
Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
ETH Zürich Research Collection
Funders: European Research Council (CoG 683136)
Cancer Research Foundation Switzerland (KFS-5262-02-2021, KFS-4267-08-2017, RWP-4813-06-2019)
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (201274, 176045, 202302, 216062)
Fondazione AIRC per la ricerca sul cancro ETS (IG 22030)
ISREC Foundation
Prostate Cancer Foundation (19CHAL08)
Novartis Foundation for Medical-Biological Research (21A009)
Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro
Portland Community Fund
Novartis Foundation
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Keywords: mitochondrial DNA release, cellular senescence, therapy-induced senescence, polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells, cGAS-STING pathway, NF-κB signaling, PERK signaling, extracellular vesicles, voltage-dependent anion channel, tumor immunosuppression, tumor microenvironment, prostate cancer, chemotherapy efficacy, innate immunity
MeSH terms: Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells, STING Protein, Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate Synthase, Animals, DNA, Mitochondrial, Humans, Immune Tolerance, Male, Membrane Proteins, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mitochondria, Neutrophils, Nucleotidyltransferases, Prostatic Neoplasms, Signal Transduction, NF-kappa B, Cellular Senescence, Cell Line, Tumor, Mice, Tumor Microenvironment

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Mitochondrial DNA released by senescent tumor cells enhances PMN-MDSC-driven immunosuppression through the cGAS-STING pathway

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