Cited by 180Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumInfant Health and DevelopmentChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

Depressed mothers’ infants are less responsive to faces and voices

Open access
Field, Tiffany, Diego, Miguel, Hernandez-Reif, Maria·2009·Infant Behavior and Development

Abstract

A review of our recent research suggests that infants of depressed mothers appeared to be less responsive to faces and voices as early as the neonatal period. At that time they have shown less orienting to the live face/voice stimulus of the Brazelton scale examiner and to their own and other infants' cry sounds. This lesser responsiveness has been attributed to higher arousal, less attentiveness and less "empathy." Their delayed heart rate decelerations to instrumental and vocal music sounds have also been ascribed to their delayed attention and/or slower processing. Later at 3-6 months they showed less negative responding to their mothers' non-contingent and still-face behavior, suggesting that they were more accustomed to this behavior in their mothers. The less responsive behavior of the depressed mothers was further compounded by their comorbid mood states of anger and anxiety and their difficult interaction styles including withdrawn or intrusive interaction styles and their later authoritarian parenting style. Pregnancy massage was effectively used to reduce prenatal depression and facilitate more optimal neonatal behavior. Interaction coaching was used during the postnatal period to help these dyads with their interactions and ultimately facilitate the infants' development.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.infbeh.2009.03.005

Cites

23 of 23 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Depressed mothers were less responsive to crying of their newborn babies and showed reduced affective touching of their babies than healthy mothers.

    “depressed mothers were less responsive to crying of their newborn babies (Field et al., 2009) and showed reduced affective touching, such as slow caress or stroke, of their babies than healthy mothers (Young et al., 2015).”

    From Social functioning in major depressive disorder (2016) · cites this paper as Field et al., 2009

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Hernandez-Reif M Field T Diego M Ruddock M 2006b Greater arousal and lesser attention by neonates of depressed vs non-depressed mothers on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale Infant Behavior and Development 29 594 8 17138313
  2. Malphurs J Field T Larrain CM Pickens J Pelaez-Nogueras M Yando R Bendell D 1996 Altering withdrawn and intrusive interaction behaviors of depressed mothers Infant Mental Health Journal 17 152 160

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Field, T., Diego, M., & Hernandez-Reif, M.
Affiliations
University of Miami (US)
Corresponding author
Field, Tiffany
Venue
Infant Behavior and Development
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-06
Volume
32
Issue
3
Pages
239-244
ISSN
0163-6383 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2030326428
Cited by
180
References
23
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 10
FWCI
7.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Infant Behavior and Development (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Johnson and Johnson
  • National Institute of Mental Health (MH#46586, K05MH000331, MH-00331, R37MH046586)
  • National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (K05AT001585, AT 001585)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Infant Health and Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords
maternal depression, antenatal depression, infant crying, infant attention, still-face procedure, authoritarian parenting, infant development
MeSH terms
Anger, Anxiety, Auditory Perception, Brain, Depressive Disorder, Face, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Infant, Massage, Maternal Behavior, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, Music, Pregnancy, Voice, Infant Behavior

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review